"At a mile distant their thousand hooves were stuttering thunder, coming at a rate that frightened a man - they were an awe inspiring sight, galloping through the red haze - knee to knee and horse to horse - the dying sun glinting on bayonet points..." Trooper Ion Idriess
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Sunday, 18 May 2008
Brighton and Pontville Camps, Tasmania Topic: Gen - St - Tas
Brighton Camp
Here is the AWM commentary:
Brighton is a small town 28 kilometres from the Tasmanian capital of Hobart. Brighton was one of five sites selected for townships in Tasmania by the Governor of New South Wales, Lachlan Macquarie, in 1821 and for a while was spoken of as a potential capital. A military post was established on the main Hobart-Launceston road at Brighton in 1826 beginning a military presence there that would last for over 170 years. Troops were prepared at Brighton Camp for service in both the First and Second World Wars, and it was also a site familiar to Tasmania's citizen soldiers throughout the Twentieth Century. In the later years of the Second World War Brighton Camp was also used to house prisoners of war and after the war it became a reception camp for refugees from Europe. From the early 1950s onwards, Brighton's primary use was for the training of members of the Citizens Military Forces and Later the Army Reserve. Such usage declined after 1993, and in 1999 it was one of several military camps across Australia used as a save haven for refugees from the conflict in Kosovo. Brighton Camp was closed and sold off soon after.
To give an idea as to the nature of Brighton Camp, here is a pic of some horsemen watering their horses at the camp. It was part of a series of pix taken by William Williamson, a respected Hobart photographer, during September 1914. This picture was published in the Tasmanian Mail, 10 September 1914, p. 19.
This was also the camp for the Medical Corps.
Pontville Camp
From the Aussie Heritage site:
Pontville`s involvement in the First World War included volunteers and the establishment of the Australian Imperial Force (AIF) in Tasmania. The Pontville Army Camp was renamed Brighton Army Camp, becoming the focus of military training in Tasmania on 13 August 1914. An ordnance depot was established and volunteers trained as members of the Light Horse, the Field Artillery, Infantry, Engineers and Army Medical Corps. Prior to embarkation South Australian Troops were also in camp at Pontville, and with the Tasmanian Infantry were formed into the 12th Battalion. Historical photographs c.1914 clearly delineate the use of the area by Light Horse Soldiers and it is likely that the name of Rifle Hill, which occupies the centre of the range was named at that time, and that the rifle range was also completed at that time. The rifle range may also incorporate an earlier range used by the Derwent Company of volunteers, since it was usual to retain and develop existing ranges.
The Second Es Salt Raid - General Comments Topic: BatzJ - Es Salt
Just some thoughts on the Es Salt Raid of 30 April-3 May 1918.
Most people know about the Es Salt Raid and the role played by the 4th LHB. The lads in the Brigade copped a pasting from the Turks. Donald Cameron, CO of the 12th LHR let's us know in no uncertain terms about the role played by Grant during those tense moments. Here are his comments from his 1928 letter:
"General Grant had ceased to exist as far as we were concerned. We couldn't find him, and had to work out our own salvation. Also, there was the vital importance of blocking the enemy progress south. The brigadier had lost his nerve, as we had good reason to know in the days to follow. I regret that loyalty to my leader caused me to withhold information that should have appeared in my report after the operation. I appreciate the difficulty you must have in getting accurate information when reports following operations were often made to read much better from the CO’s point of view than the facts warranted."
This is as close to calling his CO a coward as one could ever get.
There are two conclusions one can draw from the above - the first is that Grant was not all that good as his publicity makes him out to be or Grant has an awful lot of back stabbing enemies.
At Es Salt, Chauvel left it up to Grant to call the shots regarding the holding of the vital roadway. 3rd LHB was made available for part of this holding operation. Grant indicated that he would not need their help. Then things went pear shaped from there for Grant causing almost the loss of a whole division - although through the hard work of General Chaytor who took over from Grant and some courageous defensive work on behalf of the individual regiments and the ICC, the Australian Mounted Division was saved. According to Lieut Col Scott, CO of the 9th LHR, it was a close run thing.
We also know that the raid was predicated upon a joining up with the Arabs under Lawrence who never showed up.
The official story of the Second Es Salt Raid written by Gullett may be read at these locations:
This is the first of many posts on this subject. There are many documents that will shed light onto this event that were suppressed when the official history was written. The suppression of the documents was for political reasons - Grant was decorated as the hero of Beersheba for political reasons - and thus to actually characterise him as a dud General and a coward would have created immense problems for the AIF in terms of public perception of the legends. So while Gullett's account is reasonably accurate in the description, it is what he didn't add that makes all the difference.
I will aim to develop the unrecorded version of the Es Salt Raid which raises many questions about the official history and the fitness of General Grant to have a command in the first place. Indeed, it raises questions about Chauvel's leadership, the Australian Government's propaganda campaign and the creation of the Beersheba myth. It all comes apart at Es Salt.
The following entries are extracted and transcribed from the 9th Light Horse Regiment War Diary, the originals of which are held by the Australian War Memorial. There are 366 entries on this site. Each day has entries as they occurred from 1914 to 1919. In addition to the 9th Light Horse Regiment War Diary, when appropriate, entries from the 3rd Light Horse Brigade War Diary and other regiments with the Brigade will also appear. Entries from the unit history, Darley, TH, With the Ninth Light Horse in the Great War, Adelaide, Hassell Press, 1924 will also appear from time to time. The aim is to give the broadest context to the story and allow the reader to follow the day to day activities of the regiment. If a relative happened to have served in the regiment during the Great War, then this provides a general framework in which the individual story may be told.
4. Orderly Officer - The Orderly Officer will visit all Guards and Stable Piquets at least once between 'Lights Out' and Reveille.
6. Stable Piquets - A general slackness and in some cases gross carelessness exists in the conduct of NCOs and men in charge of horses. OsC will see that this matter is attended to and that proper supervision is given to ensure these duties being properly carried out.
Carew Reynell Diary - Reached Grecian archipelago and passed by islands all afternoon.
9th Light Horse Regiment War Diary - The Regiment paraded dismounted at 1000 for gas instruction under the Divisional Gas Officer and was marched through a gas cloud with helmets on.
Great War Issues, Lest We Forget - But We Did Anyway, Leonard Pitchers Topic: GW - We forgot
Great War Issues
Lest We Forget - But We Did Anyway
Leonard Pitchers
The Accident of Leonard Pitchers
[Adelaide Chronicle, 17 October 1914, p. 45.]
The story of Leonard Pitchers
Now we come to the events at Morphettville Station at 6.15 pm on 13 October 1914. The story of Pitchers is very straight forward. After a day of work at Morphettville Race course, 200 men, including Pitchers, headed off to the nearest rail station to catch the Glenelg train to Adelaide. [As a historical note - this track has long since been ripped up but the permanent way in the remaining rail reserve is very visible.] While at the platform, men were spilling over onto the rails. Pitchers saw the train coming from Glenelg and helped to shepherd the men out of the way. In doing so, he was so concentrating on his task that he failed to see the train coming from Adelaide to Glenelg which knocked him down. Pitchers was taken to Adelaide Hospital where he died from his injuries.
Newspaper Reports
1. Adelaide Chronicle
Here is the story as it appeared in the Adelaide Chronicle, 17 October 1914, p. 45:
Tragedy at Morphettville
A Soldier Killed
Never the lotus closes, never the wild fowl wake, But a soul goes out on the east wind, that died for England's sake.
These stirring words of Kipling's might fittingly have been uttered by the large band of soldiers who came to the city on Tuesday night on leave from the camp, for one of their comrades had lost his life in a noble effort to save others from peril at the Morphettville railway-station early that evening. Private Leonard Pitchers was a fine soldier, 26 years of age. He came from Booleroo, and was a member of the 9th Light Horse in the second contingent. There were over 200 troops waiting on and near the railway lines at the Morphettville station at about 6.31 pm, when two trains were seen to be approaching, one from Glenelg and the other from Adelaide.
"Stand back!" Stand back!" exclaimed Pitchers when he saw the train from the seaside drawing near. He was standing in the middle of the down road, and apparently was unaware of the proximity of the other train, the engine of which struck him on the back and rolled him over. The locomotive passed over his body, which was picked up underneath the first carriage. He was unconscious and in a terrible state, but he had not been killed outright. He was brought to Adelaide by Sergeants Major Sheridan and Holmes and Private Adkin, but before the train reached South Terrace, where Dr. Gunson was awaiting its arrival, Private Pitchers succumbed. The matter was reported to the police by Private J Lowe, of "B" Section, 3rd Field Ambulance Corps, and the body was removed to the morgue in the police ambulance. The locomotive was in charge of Driver Fahey.
Men mentioned in the article in order of appearance:
Corporal William SHERIDAN, formerly of the Royal Highlanders, appointed Corporal, Instructional Staff, 16 September 1914, and later 5128 Sergeant William SHERIDAN, 32nd Battalion, 14th Reinforcement.
Sergeant William HOLMES, formerly of Royal Garrison Artillery, appointed Sergeant, Instructional Staff, 16 September 1914. Promoted to Staff Sergeant Major.
162 Private Horace Bismark ATKINS, 3rd Field Ambulance, B Section.
109 Private John Hubert LOW, 3rd Field Ambulance, B Section.
Dr John BernardGUNSON
Dr John Bernard GUNSON, Angas St, Adelaide, son of Dr John Michael Gunson.
2. Laura Standard
The Accident of Leonard Pitchers as seen at Laura
[Laura Standard, 16 October 1914, p. 3.]
Here is the article that appeared in the Laura Standard 16 October 1914 at p. 3:
A Soldier's Death
Booleroo Resident Killed by Train
In the most tragic circumstances a South Australian soldier passed away at Morphettville on Tuesday. He died no in the attempt to kill others but to save them. The victim was Pte Leonard Pitcher, of the 2nd Contingent, 7th Light Horse. His family lives at Booleroo Centre. It appears that several soldiers from the camp and visitors, including ladies, were collected at Morphettville station awaiting the arrival of a train to take them to the city. A train coming from the Bay was approaching the station just about the same time that the Adelaide 6.15 train was due at the camp station. There was a danger that the traffic would become mixed, and realising the situation, Pte Pitcher stepped forward, and spreading out his arms called to his comrades and the crowd to keep back. But he had miscalculated his own nearness to the approaching Adelaide train, for the engine struck him in the back, and he was thrown down under the wheels. The front wheels of the engine passed over his body in a slanting direction and injured him dreadfully. Dr Gunson was summoned and pronounced life to be extinct.
3. The Critic
The Critic of 21 October 1914 posted this story at p. 6:
THE MENACE OF MORPHETTVILLE.
The tragic death of a gallant young soldier at the Morphettville railway station the other day ought to point once more to the menace of railway stations that have no platforms.
Morphettville is a glaring instance. The soldier stood on the rails to warn the waiting crowd of the approach of one train, and the other from the opposite direction dashed into him and he was killed. There ought to be a bitter lesson here for the Railways Commissioner. It is the demonstrated danger of allowing two trains to be simultaneously in a station that has no platform. A greater death trap could hardly be imagined. The railway authorities may urge-and not without some force -that the unfortunate young fellow who lost his life was almost wholly to blame. He should not have been on the rails. Probably not; but it is the duty of the department to minimise the risks to which travellers are exposed. Its business is to provide safeguards.
The point "The Critic" wishes to make is that, even allowing for the tragic mistake on the part of the deceased soldier, it should hardly have been possible for him to have been placed in the awful position in which he found himself. That other train should not have been allowed to enter the Morphettville station until the one for Adelaide had left. Is it not clear in these and similar circumstances before, that the simultaneous appearance of two trains at the station should be absolutely avoided in the future? The public, at any rate, will think so.
The first problem encountered with Pitchers is the total lack of documentation about him on any of the national service databases. There is no Service File held by the National Archives of Australia and it is suspected his paperwork disappeared as quickly as he did himself, mainly through the lack of an ajutant within the 9th Light Horse Regiment at that time.
The Testimony of George Frederick Gardells WIECK
Extract from Captain WIECK's unpublished account
[Confidential Memorandum by Lieutenant Colonel GFC Wieck, ex Adjutant, 9th Light Horse Regiment, AIF, 2 April 1919.]
Captain George Frederick Gardells WIECK was a career military man who was appointed Adjutant of the 9th Light Horse Regiment on 13 November 1914. In his unpublished account of his time with the 9th Light Horse Regiment, he has this to say about the situation he encountered when he arrived at Warradale.
Here is his account:
The Officer question was even more difficult. The only officers available were those who were not considered good enough for the 3rd LH Regiment. Those who had experience were devoid of character and unable to teach and guide those who had none. Several of the junior officers had had no military training whatever - It will be realised that the task of selecting his officers was not the least difficult the C.O. had to contend with. In spite of all efforts of the C.O. no adjutant was available until an officer of the A & I Staff was appointed on 13th November 1914 and the Orderly Room work was in a state of chaos. For reasons not clear the Commanding Officers set his face against and recommendation for the position of Second in Command; he consistently stated that he could manage quite well without but it is strongly suspected that he could see no one in whom he could place the requisite confidence. As a matter of fact, at this stage a Second in Command would have been invaluable for supervision of training of officers and N.C.Os, and for co-ordinating the progress of "C" Squadron.
This vignette paints a devastating comment about the competence of administration in the 9th Light Horse Regiment at the time of Leonard Pitchers death and could explain the loss of his records.
For more information on George Frederick Gardells WIECK and his published work, See:
From the above, it was possible to compile the family genealogy at the time of the birth of Leonard Pitchers.
Parents
Henry Pitchers (1837-1909) and Rosa Southwell (1837-1899) were married on 8 March 1858 in Hindmarsh Valley, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Children
William Henry Pitchers (1858-1927);
John Southwell Pitchers (1860 - ?);
Frank Pitchers (1862-1939);
Gertrude Pitchers (1864-1913);
Sarah Preston Pitchers (1866 - ?);
Alfred Pitchers (1868-1903);
Rose Pitchers (1871- ?);
Elizabeth Pitchers (1873- ?);
Ernest Pitchers (1874-1949);
Florence (Doll) Pitchers (1876- ?);
Lucy Alice Pitchers (1878- ?); and,
Leonard Pitchers (1880-1914).
The Will
On the 8 October 1914 he wrote out his will witnessed by two law clerks in Adelaide. Probate was granted on 25 January, 1915. The beneficiaries and executors were his brother Ernest and his sister Lucy Alice WILSON nee PITCHERS. The estate was sworn not to exceed £2,500.
Coroner's Report
The first problem is the coroner's report. There was none. There is a file - The State Records reference is GRG1/44 - 13/10/1914 - No 364 - which apart from the detectives reports that summarise the reports in the newspapers, there is little else.
Death Certificate
His Death Certificate extract provides us with very little information:
Surname:
PITCHERS
Given Names:
Leonard
Date:
13 October 1914
Sex:
Male
Age:
34 years
Status:
Single
Relative:
Relative 2:
Residence:
Booleroo Whim
Death Place:
Adelaide
It does raise issues of information conflict. The newspaper report mentions Pitchers as being 28 while his birth and death certificates confirm that he was 34 years of age. This is relatively minor considering that the notion of age was quite a flexible concept in the AIF at the time. Men changed their ages to fit in with the desirable criteria for selection.
7th or 9th Light Horse Regiments
One conflict of information raised in the newspaper stories is the identification of Pitchers as being in both the 7th and 9th Light Horse Regiments. His death occurred in the week when a name change occurred. At the beginning of his service, Pitchers was enrolled in "B" Squadron, 7th Light Horse Regiment, a composite Regiment made up of a squadron from New South Wales, South Australia and Western Australia. The 7th Light Horse Regiment was formed at the beginning of October 1914, with Lieutenant Colonel Miell as the Commanding Officer. The overflow of New South Wales recruits meant that the 7th Light Horse Regiment was over subscribed in that state allowing the authorities to raise a new composite regiment based in South Australia which would provide two squadrons and Victoria, one squadron. Again Lieutenant Colonel Miell, a South Australian, was appointed as the Commanding Officer.
Pitchers was in the 7th Light Horse Regiment, "B" Squadron during the first week of October but in the 9th Light Horse Regiment, "A" Squadron during the second week of October at the time of his death.
Public Acknowledgement
At the time, in 1914, Pitchers was acknowledged and recognised by his local communities. His death was memorialised on two Rolls of Honour.
Booleroo Centre
Roll of Honour at the Booleroo Centre Institute
[From Tributes of Honour, SA & NT War Memorials.]
The entry on the Roll of Honour at the Booleroo Centre Institute reads:
PITCHERS L. Accidentally Killed Whilst In Camp
Hammond
Hammond Roll of Honour
[From Tributes of Honour, SA & NT War Memorials.]
The entry on the Roll of Honour at Hammond reads:
LPITCHERS
In contrast, no entry for Pitchers appears on the South Australian War Memorial nor is there an entry on the Roll of Honour at the Australian War Memorial, nor has he been granted a Commonwealth War Graves Commission grave.
Location of Grave
In fact, currently, no one knows quite where Pitchers was buried. It was certainly not West Terrace Cemetery, the most logical place. West Terrace Cemetery was in easy transport distance between the Adelaide Hospital and Morphettville. There is no information about who paid for the funeral although judging from the news story, it is likely that this task was undertaken and paid for by the AIF. However, this is just supposition based upon later history since there were no funeral notices or anything of that nature to help assist in resolving this matter.
Conclusion
Leonard Pitchers, who was killed through being run over by a train, earned him the unenviable distinction of being the first 9th LHR man to be killed while on active service. Yet he is not remembered on the Roll of Honour at the Australian War Memorial nor on the Adelaide War Memorial.
"Lest we forget"
Ironically, he was forgotten and still remains officially forgotten. Perhaps in the future Pitchers may be publicly remembered.
The following entries are extracted and transcribed from the 9th Light Horse Regiment War Diary, the originals of which are held by the Australian War Memorial. There are 366 entries on this site. Each day has entries as they occurred from 1914 to 1919. In addition to the 9th Light Horse Regiment War Diary, when appropriate, entries from the 3rd Light Horse Brigade War Diary and other regiments with the Brigade will also appear. Entries from the unit history, Darley, TH, With the Ninth Light Horse in the Great War, Adelaide, Hassell Press, 1924 will also appear from time to time. The aim is to give the broadest context to the story and allow the reader to follow the day to day activities of the regiment. If a relative happened to have served in the regiment during the Great War, then this provides a general framework in which the individual story may be told.
5. Native Syces. All orders to the native syces are to be issued to their Jemadar. In case of any misunderstanding the head Jemadar is always available at Brigade Headquarters. Non commissioned officers and men are especially warned not to ill treat these natives. Latrine accommodation for the natives will be supplied as soon as possible.
7. Extract from General Order No. 20 - Discipline - The attention of the GOC has been drawn to cases in which officers have been consorting with NCOs and men in hotels, in the street, and other places. Such a practice is contrary to the regulations and customs of the service and is entirely subversive to discipline, and the GOC will hold Commanding Officers responsible that it is put a stop to. All ranks should be reminded that a strict observance of the proper relationship between officers and men reflects credit on a private soldier and his regiment, as much as on the Officers.
Carew Reynell Diary - There is every comfort for the majority of officers on this transport as she is a passenger boat but the men are terribly crowded as there are so many more than she is meant to carry.
We have our Regiment, the 8th Regiment, Brigade Headquarters, Royal Engineers, New Zealand dismounted Light Horse and a collection of various details most of whom are wounded men who have recovered and are returning. Altogether 1700 men, 90 Officers and ships crew.
We have a guard posted on the upper deck day and night for aeroplane or submarine but at night they couldn't see 50 yards anyway - there is no moon.
9th Light Horse Regiment War Diary - 0700 Two deserters, Turks, surrendered to “B” Squadron.
1800 Relieved by 10th Light Horse Regiment. Regiment moved by squadrons to led horses bivouac west of Jordan River. Orders received to supply daily two, day patrols, each strength of one troop and two night patrols each strength one Officer and nine Other Ranks.
2030 Brigade issued orders for practice turnout, the Regiment parading mounted in fighting order within 36 minutes.
1919
Saturday, May 17, 1919
9th Light Horse Regiment Location - Tel el Kebir
9th Light Horse Regiment War Diary - 0900 Took over camping ground lately occupied by 3rd Ghurkhas, 400 yards north of Tel el Kebir Railway Station.
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