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Tuesday, 1 June 2010
The Battle of Heligoland Bight, North Sea, 1 June 1915, Outline
Topic: BatzN - Heligoland

The Battle of Heligoland Bight

North Sea, 1 June 1915

Outline

 

 

Heligoland Bight, a minor action on 1 June 1918 involving aircraft launched from the Australian light cruisers Melbourne and Sydney, which represented the first use of air power in combat by the RAN. During a three-month refit carried out at the Royal Navy dockyard at Chatham in the last quarter of 1917, Sydney had acquired a revolving aircraft launching platform fitted behind and partly over the forward 6-inch gun turret. This enabled the ship to take on board a Sopwith Camel scout for operational use, probably in February 1918. After being similarly fitted with a platform the following month, Melbourne also began operating a Camel in May that year.

When Admiral David Beatty, commanderin-chief of the Grand Fleet, sent a large force to raid enemy minesweepers in the Heligoland Bight on 1 June, both Australian ships were with the Second Light Cruiser Squadron which led the operation. Included in the main body were two heavy cruisers (Courageous and Glorious) which had been fitted out to carry aircraft, escorted by nine destroyers, and the First Battle Cruiser Squadron with Beatty in HMS Lion. Late in the afternoon, with the operation well underway, two enemy seaplanes suddenly broke through cloud cover overhead, passing the cruiser force and making directly towards the bottle-cruisers beyond. After dropping five bombs, the enemy machines turned and within five minutes were reprising the light cruisers on their way back to base to report what they had sighted.

Meanwhile, Sydney and Melbourne had each launched their own aircraft, getting these aloft in the creditable time of just two minutes. The pilot of Melbourne's aircraft lost sight of the quarry as he climbed through the clouds, but Sydney's aviator, Flight Lieutenant A.G. Sharwood, RAF, kept the enemy planes in view and steadily overhauled them in the course of a 100-kilometre pursuit. Eventually getting within range, he opened fire on one of the aircraft and observed it drop down through the mist in a spinning dive. Sharwood was about to follow his opponent down when he spotted another enemy machine behind him, presumably the first seaplane's partner, and was obliged to turn to meet this threat. In the short combat which followed, one of the Camel's guns ran out of ammunition and the other jammed soon afterwards, forcing Sharwood to disengage and head back towards the fleet.

With petrol running low, Sharwood Was beginning to despair of finding the ships when he sighted two British light cruisers with several destroyers and turned towards them. One of these vessels fired at him before he was able to identify himself, but he was then able to descend to make a landing on the water ahead of one of the destroyers - the only way cruiser-launched aircraft could be recovered at that time. Forced to cling for twenty minutes to the tail of his ditched machine, which fortunately stayed afloat, he Was eventually picked up and his Camel subsequently salvaged. Although the incident was not generally regarded as significant, it was actually a useful early demonstration within the RAN of the utility of seaborne air power in support of naval operations.



Extracted from the book produced by Chris Coulthard-Clark, Where Australians Fought - The Encyclopaedia of Australia's Battles, Allen and Unwin, Sydney, 1998, pp. 147-148.

 

Additional References cited by Chris Coulthard-Clark:

Keith Isaacs (1971) Military Aircraft of Australia 1909 - 1918, Canberra; Australian War Memorial.

 

 


Further Reading:

The Battle of Heligoland Bight, North Sea, 1 June 1915

The Battle of Heligoland Bight, North Sea, 1 June 1915, Roll of Honour

Battles where Australians fought, 1899-1920

 


Citation: The Battle of Heligoland Bight, North Sea, 1 June 1915, Outline

Posted by Project Leader at 12:01 AM EADT
Updated: Friday, 3 June 2011 10:06 AM EADT
Monday, 31 May 2010
The Battle of Kurna, Mesopotamia, 31 May to 1 June 1915, Outline
Topic: BatzM - Kurna

The Battle of Kurna

Mesopotamia, 31 May to 1 June 1915

Outline

 

Mesopotamian Flight, Royal Flying Corps gather around a Short 827 seaplane

 

Kurna, fought between British and Turkish forces on the Tigris River, Mesopotamia (modern Iraq), on 31 May-1 June 1915. The 6th (Poona ) Division of the Indian Army, commanded by Major-General Charles Townshend, undertook a risky frontal assault against the fortified Turkish position which - because of seasonal Flooding - stood out of the river's marshy flats like a string of islands.

Because of this, Townshend was obliged to embark two of his infantry brigades in some 500 pole-propelled Arab barges called 'bellums', which had been armoured with captured steel railway plates. Supporting mountain guns and machine-guns were also mounted on rafts, while heavier artillery were placed aboard accompanying barges and steamers. The sight presented by this curious fleet subsequently caused the battle to he referred to as 'Townshend's Regatta'.

The operation was a signal success which cost the Turks two gunboats sunk, and seventeen guns and 2,000 men taken as prisoners. Despite: the elaborate nature of the works they had been occupying for five months, the bewildered defenders mostly fled after attempting 'only the merest appearance at a fight'. The Turkish collapse was so dramatic that Townshend's personal appearance in a gunboat at Amara (145 kilometres upstream) on 2 June was sufficient to bluff the garrison there into surrendering, too, without a shot being fired.

The Australian involvement in the action was in the form of several pilots, members of the 41-man detachment of the Australian Flying Corps serving with the composite unit known as 'Mesopotamian Flight, Royal Flying Corps'. These partly crewed two aircraft which reconnoitred from a landing ground south of Kurna and brought vital and timely information to Townshend's headquarters regarding the battle's progress, including news on I June that the Turks were abandoning their main position at Bahran Island. They also dropped 20-pound aerial bombs on targets of opportunity and added to the confusion of the enemy's withdrawal.

 

Official History Map of the Kurna and other campaigns in Mesopotamia



Extracted from the book produced by Chris Coulthard-Clark, Where Australians Fought - The Encyclopaedia of Australia's Battles, Allen and Unwin, Sydney, 1998, pp. 106-107.



Additional References cited by Chris Coulthard-Clark:

F.M. Cutlack, (1923), The Australian Flying Corps in the Western and Eastern Theatres of War 1914 - 1918, Sydney: Angus & Robertson.

T.W. White, (1928), Guests of the Unspeakable, Sydney: Angus & Robertson.

 

Further Reading:

The Battle of Kurna, Mesopotamia, 31 May to 1 June 1915

The Battle of Kurna, Mesopotamia, 31 May to 1 June 1915, Roll of Honour

Battles where Australians fought, 1899-1920

 


Citation: The Battle of Kurna, Mesopotamia, 31 May to 1 June 1915, Outline

Posted by Project Leader at 12:01 AM EADT
Updated: Friday, 3 June 2011 9:51 AM EADT
Saturday, 29 May 2010
Australian Militia Force Structure, Contents
Topic: Militia 1899-1920

Militia, 1899 - 1920

Australian Militia Force Structure

Contents

 

Items

Definitions

Volunteer v Volunteer, Definitional matters within the Militia

 

Movies

17th Australian (Prince of Wales Light Horse) Machine Gun Regiment, Training Camp Film 

 

Militia Activities

1910

Australian Militia activity location list 1910

1913

Australian Militia activity location list 1913

1913 Re-organisation of the Militia - losses

 

History

The Oxford Companion to Australian Military History, Light Horse

The Oxford Companion to Australian Military History, Mounted Rifles v Mounted Infantry

The Oxford Companion to Australian Military History, Unit Numbering 

The Oxford Companion to Australian Military History, The Division

 

Chronology

Australian Militia, Chronology

 

1903

Light Horse Brigades

Australian Militia Field Force, 1st Australian Light Horse Brigade, 1903

Australian Militia Field Force, 2nd Australian Light Horse Brigade, 1903

Australian Militia Field Force, 3rd Australian Light Horse Brigade, 1903

Australian Militia Field Force, 4th Australian Light Horse Brigade, 1903

Australian Militia Field Force, 5th Australian Light Horse Brigade, 1903

Australian Militia Field Force, 6th Australian Light Horse Brigade, 1903

Infantry Brigades
Australian Militia Field Force, 1st Australian Infantry Brigade, 1903
Australian Militia Field Force, 2nd Australian Infantry Brigade, 1903
Australian Militia Field Force, 3rd Australian Infantry Brigade, 1903

Garrison Troops

Australian Militia Garrison Troops, New South Wales, 1903

Australian Militia Garrison Troops, Queensland, 1903 

Australian Militia Garrison Troops, South Australia, 1903 

Australian Militia Garrison Troops, Tasmania, 1903

Australian Militia Garrison Troops, Victoria, 1903 

Australian Militia Garrison Troops, Western Australia, 1903

 

Personnel

Philip Fargher

John Charles Hoad 

William De Passey 

Henry William Pendlebury

 

 

Further Reading:

Australian Light Horse Militia

Australian Infantry Militia

Militia 1899 - 1920

 


Citation: Australian Militia Force Structure, Contents

Posted by Project Leader at 12:01 AM EADT
Updated: Tuesday, 3 May 2011 4:51 PM EADT
Thursday, 27 May 2010
Great War, Military Biographies, Contents
Topic: GW - Biographies

Great War

Military Biographies

Contents

 

Items:

Frank Dudley Beaumont 

Henry Venn King, the oldest known man in the AIF 

1547 Driver Charles Burns

The old man of the AIF, George Paul 

35878 Gunner Randolph "Randy"  Lycett 

 

 

Further Reading:

Great War, Military Biographies

Great War, August 1914

Battles where Australians fought, 1899-1920

 


Citation: Great War, Military Biographies, Contents

Posted by Project Leader at 12:01 AM EADT
Updated: Tuesday, 27 July 2010 6:41 PM EADT
Tuesday, 18 May 2010
The Battle for Hill 60, Gallipoli, 22 - 23, and 27 August 1915, Report by Captain McSharry to General Monash, 27 August 1915
Topic: BatzG - Hill 60

The Battle for Hill 60

Gallipoli, 22 - 23, and 27 August 1915

Report by Captain McSharry to General Monash

 

Report by Captain McSharry to General Monash, 27 August 1915

 

The following is a report by Captain McSharry to General Monash at the commencement of the battle at Hill 60.

 
15th Battalion 27/28 August 1915

To 4th Brigade Headquarters

From 6 a.m. 27th until 4 p.m. same date things on our front were quiet. When bombardment opened at 4 p.m. this firing line was manned with every spare man and when enemy were disturbed fire was directed on them and from the time attack was launched a continuous fire was kept up with rifles and machine guns on enemy trenches.

Fifty men from this battalion under Lieutenant Coombs composed part of the right force and fifty under Lieutenant Corrigan were in reserve.

On account of the smoke etc very little could be seen of operations from this post.

The reserve party of 50 men under Lieutenant Corrigan are in bivouac but the party of 50 under Lieutenant Coombs (who have suffered casualties) none have reported back to bivouac. Lieutenant Coombs who is slightly wounded is doing some sapping work for Major Margolin and he has five men with him. Of the others he has no trace but hopes many of them may have worked away to the left and are now in the firing line. I am trying to trace them. Casualties approximate: 1 Officer, Lieutenant Coombs wounded; Other Ranks, 10 killed; and 20 wounded.

Signed: TP McSharry, Captain.

 

The disappearence of men under his command was of considerable concern.

 

Further Reading:

Hill 60, Gallipoli, 22 - 23, and 27 August 1915

The Battle for Hill 60, Gallipoli, 22 - 23, and 27 August 1915, Roll of Honour

Gallipoli Campaign

Battles where Australians fought, 1899-1920

 


Citation: The Battle for Hill 60, Gallipoli, 22 - 23, and 27 August 1915, Report by Captain McSharry to General Monash, 27 August 1915

Posted by Project Leader at 12:01 AM EADT
Updated: Friday, 30 July 2010 11:38 AM EADT

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