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"At a mile distant their thousand hooves were stuttering thunder, coming at a rate that frightened a man - they were an awe inspiring sight, galloping through the red haze - knee to knee and horse to horse - the dying sun glinting on bayonet points..." Trooper Ion Idriess

The Australian Light Horse Studies Centre aims to present an accurate history of early Australian military developments from 1899 to 1920.

WARNING: This site contains: names, information and images of deceased people; and, language which may be considered inappropriate today.

Contact: Australian Light Horse Studies Centre

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Ottoman and German Sources

German Units � 605^th Machine Gun Company (MGC)

The War Diary of the 605th Machine Gun Company from departure at Berlin on 27 March 1916 to the unit�s capture during the Battle of Romani, 5 August 1916.

605th Machine Gun Company War Diary - 29 to 31 March 1916

605th Machine Gun Company War Diary - 1 to 3 April 1916

605th Machine Gun Company War Diary - 3 to 7 April 1916

605th Machine Gun Company War Diary - 7 April to 3 May 1916

605th Machine Gun Company War Diary - 3 to 8 May 1916

605th Machine Gun Company War Diary - 8 to 17 May 1916

605th Machine Gun Company War Diary - 17 to 19 May 1916

605th Machine Gun Company War Diary - 19 to 26 May 1916

605th Machine Gun Company War Diary - 26 to 30 May 1916

605th Machine Gun Company War Diary - 30 May to 1 June 1916

605th Machine Gun Company War Diary - 1 to 4 June 1916

605th Machine Gun Company War Diary - 5 to 16 June 1916

605th Machine Gun Company War Diary - 16 to 24 June 1916

605th Machine Gun Company War Diary, 24 June to 2 July 1916

605th Machine Gun Company War Diary, 3 to 13 July 1916

605th Machine Gun Company War Diary, 13 to 20 July 1916

605th Machine Gun Company War Diary, 20 to 23 July 1916

605th Machine Gun Company War Diary, 23 to 27 July 1916

605th Machine Gun Company, 5 August 1916

Lieutenant Colonel H�seyin H�sn� Emir, Yildirim, Genelkurmay Basim Evi, Ankara 2002

The book written by H�sn� is one of the single most important first hand Turkish accounts of the last year of the Sinai and Palestine campaign. H�sn� was in a position to observe all the players within the Turkish and German staffs and was also one of those players himself. Key amongst his description is his account of the Battle of Beersheba, 31 October 1917. He provides a comprehensive account from the Turkish side of the battle. This book was originally published in 1922 while the Turkish civil war was still raging. Later, the Turkish General Staff republished the book at Ankara in 2002 although that version is in Turkish. To make this invaluable resource available to the English speaking audience, it is being added to the blog, albeit on a page by page basis.

Preface, Contents, Illustrations and Maps

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Preface

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 3

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 4

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 5

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 6

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 7

Part I Chapter I

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 8

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 9

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 10

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 11

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 12

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 13

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 14

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 15

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 16

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 17

Part I Chapter II

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 18

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 19

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 20

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 21

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 22

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 23

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 24

Part I Chapter III

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 25

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 26

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 27

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 28

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 29

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 30

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 31

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 32

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 33

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 34

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 35

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 36

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 37

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 38

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 39

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 40

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 41

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 42

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 43

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 44

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 45

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 46

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 47

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 48

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 49

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 50

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 51

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 52

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 53

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 54

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 55

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 56

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 57

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 58

Part I Chapter IV

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 59

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 60

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 61

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 62

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 63

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 64

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 65

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 66

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 67

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 68

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 69

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 70

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 71

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 72

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 73

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 74

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 75

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 76

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, The Kemal Letter, Page 77

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, The Kemal Letter Page 78

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, The Kemal Letter Page 79

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, The Kemal Letter Page 80

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, The Kemal Letter Page 81

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 82

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 83

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 84

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 85

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 86

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 87

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 88

Part I Chapter V - Events in Iraq at the end of September

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 89

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 90

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 91

Part II Chapter I - Towards Palestine

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 92

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 93

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 94

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 95

Part II Chapter III - Events during October in Palestine

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 96

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 97

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 98

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 99

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 100

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 101

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 102

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 103

Part III Chapter I - The Battle of Beersheba, 31 October 1917.

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 104

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 105

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 106

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 107

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 108

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 109

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 110

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 111

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 112

H�sn��s observations and critiques on the Ottoman conduct of the capture of Beersheba, 31 October 1917.

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 113

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 114

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 115

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 116

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 117

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 118

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 119

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 120

H�sn� observations of the Turkish response to Beersheba on other parts of the battlefield.

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 121

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 122

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 123

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 124

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 125

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 126

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 127

November 1, 1917

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 128

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 129

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 130

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 131

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 132

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 133

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 134

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 135

November 2, 1917

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 136

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 137

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 138

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 139

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 140

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 141

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 142

November 3, 1917

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 143

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 144

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 145

November 4, 1917

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 146

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 147

November 5, 1917

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 148

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 149

November 6, 1917

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 150

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 151

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 152

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 153

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 154

November 7, 1917

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 155

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 156

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 157

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 158

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 159

November 8, 1917

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 160

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 161

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 162

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 163

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 164

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 165

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 166

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 167

Chapter V � Observations about Beersheba and Gaza

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 168

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 169

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 170

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 171

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 172

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 173

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 174

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 175

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 176

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 177

Part VI List of Chapters.

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 178

Part VI Chapter 1 � The Retirement.

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 179

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 180

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 181

7^th Army Front.

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 182

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 183

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 184

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 185

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 186

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 187

Colonel H�sn�, Yildirim, Page 188

Turkish Units � 1^st Battalion 33^rd Infantry Regiment (1/33 IR) Diary, April 1915

This diary came into the hands of the defending Australian soldiers at Gallipoli. It gives an extraordinary insight into the actions of the Turkish forces in their efforts to repel the Anzac invasion.

Personnel

Officers commanding in the 33rd Infantry Regiment

1/33rd IR Roll of Honour, April 1915

The Diary

Turkish OC of 1/33 IR diary up until his death, 30 April 1915

Turkish OC of 1/33 IR diary up until his death, 30 April 1915, Part 2

Turkish OC of 1/33 IR diary up until his death, 30 April 1915, Part 3

Turkish OC of 1/33 IR diary up until his death, 30 April 1915, Part 4

Turkish OC of 1/33 IR diary up until his death, 30 April 1915, Part 5

Maps

Map detailing the placement of 1/33 IR, 25 April 1915

Map detailing the placement of 1/33 IR, 25 April 1915 - Part 2

Map of attack at Anzac involving 33rd IR, 27 April 1915

The situation at Anzac, 1 May 1915

Turkish Units � The Ottoman Air Force in the Sinai and Palestine

Ole Nikolajsen, Ottoman Aviation 1911 � 1919.

Chapter 8, Pasha and Yildirim, the Palestine Front, 1915 to 1918

A Token Force

Pasha I

3ncu Tayyare Boluk (The 3rd Aircraft Company)

The First and Second Battles Of Gaza

Yildirim Ordu (The "Lightning Army")

A Fight against Rising Odds

The Pasha Units on the Southern Front

The Final Destruction

Aircraft Delivered To German Units in Palestine 1916-18

Aircraft with Ottoman Army Units in Palestine

Aircrew Serving In Ottoman Army Aircraft Units in Palestine

Personnel

Gustav Adolf Dittmar

The treatment of Turkish POWs by the Allies

This thread looks at the conditions and life of the Turkish POWs.

Turkish Prisoners in Egypt - Heliopolis Camp

Full Blog Index

The Australian Light Horse Studies Centre is a not for profit and non profit group whose sole aim is to write the early history of the Australian Light Horse from 1900 - 1920. It is privately funded and the information is provided by the individuals within the group and while permission for the use of the material has been given for this site for these items by various donors, the residual and actual copyright for these items, should there be any, resides exclusively with the donors. The information on this site is freely available for private research use only and if used as such, should be appropriately acknowledged. To assist in this process, each item has a citation attached at the bottom for referencing purposes. Please Note: No express or implied permission is given for commercial use of the information contained within this site.

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