"At a mile distant their thousand hooves were stuttering thunder, coming at a rate that frightened a man - they were an awe inspiring sight, galloping through the red haze - knee to knee and horse to horse - the dying sun glinting on bayonet points..." Trooper Ion Idriess
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Monday, 22 December 2008
Bert Schramm's Diary, 23 December 1918 Topic: Diary - Schramm
During part of the course of his military service with the AIF, 2823 Private Herbert Leslie Schramm, a farmer from White's River, near Tumby Bay on the Eyre Peninsular, kept a diary of his life. Bert was not a man of letters so this diary was produced with great effort on his behalf. Bert made a promise to his sweetheart, Lucy Solley, that he would do so after he received the blank pocket notebook wherein these entries are found. As a Brigade Scout since September 1918, he took a lead part in the September 1918 breakout by the Allied forces in Palestine. Bert's diary entries are placed alongside those of the 9th Light Horse Regiment to which he belonged and to the 3rd Light Horse Brigade to which the 9th LHR was attached. On this basis we can follow Bert in the context of his formation.
Bert Schramm's Diary, 23 December 1918
Bert Schramm's Handwritten Diary, 21 - 27 December 1918
[Click on page for a larger print version.]
Diaries
Bert Schramm
Monday, December 23, 1918
Bert Schramm's Location - Tripoli
Bert Schramm's Diary - More rain today and very cold. Absolutely no news.
9th Light Horse Regiment War Diary
9th Light Horse Regiment Location - Tripoli
9th Light Horse Regiment War Diary - Training cancelled owing to rain. Shelley, Captain JE, returned. Tug on which he was travelling after putting out to sea had to return owing to rough weather. Training of competitors for 3rd Light Horse Brigade Mounted Sports on New Year's Day commenced.
Darley
Darley, TH, With the Ninth Light Horse in the Great War, Adelaide, Hassell Press, 1924.
The following entries are extracted and transcribed from the 9th Light Horse Regiment War Diary, the originals of which are held by the Australian War Memorial. There are 366 entries on this site. Each day has entries as they occurred from 1914 to 1919. In addition to the 9th Light Horse Regiment War Diary, when appropriate, entries from the 3rd Light Horse Brigade War Diary and other regiments with the Brigade will also appear. Entries from the unit history, Darley, TH, With the Ninth Light Horse in the Great War, Adelaide, Hassell Press, 1924 will also appear from time to time. The aim is to give the broadest context to the story and allow the reader to follow the day to day activities of the regiment. If a relative happened to have served in the regiment during the Great War, then this provides a general framework in which the individual story may be told.
9th Light Horse Regiment Location - El Arish, Sinai
9th Light Horse Regiment War Diary - Regiment left point mentioned in 22 December 1916 with remainder of Division at 0130 and moved south along the wadi arriving at Es Ria at daybreak. Shortly after, the Regiment moved on and took up a position to the north of El Magdhaba where it remained in reserve for the time being. At 1300 the whole line commenced to advance on El Magdhaba the 9th Light Horse Regiment less 6 troops [one Divisional escort, two Camel escorts, three escorts to machine guns] being between the 8th Light Horse Regiment on the left and a regiment of New Zealand Mounted Rifle Brigade on the right. The horses were taken up under cover to within 11/2 miles of the enemy's positions where the whole Regiment less horse handlers dismounted to advance on foot. C Squadron on left, A in centre and B on right. When the New Zealand Mounted Rifle Brigade were picked up on our right, two troops of B Squadron were placed to support. The line advanced in troops by troops from the left. A Lewis Gun and a troop were giving forward cover to the advance of the remainder. These guns did very fine work and were instrumental in giving us superiority of fire. At 1430 we were within 500 yards of the enemy's trench where the regiment paused in its advance. The line was straightened up and reserve ammunition brought up for Lewis Guns. At 1515 the Regiment again began to move in bounds of 25 yards. At about 1545, bayonets were fixed and the enemy's position rushed. The enemy then started to surrender.
In one or two cases the bayonet got home and one of our men was wounded by an enemy bayonet. At one of the redoubts to the north east of the buildings there was one machine gun that was placed out of action by taking out the lock. After that we moved on and took the surrender of the next series of trenches. Just after this word was received from Wearne, Captain A, 8th Light Horse Regiment, [Editor's Note: Wearne was the officer in charge of the 8th Light Horse Regiment Scout group, a very capable officer who led the first reconnaissance out to the Wadi um Mukhsheib on the 21st March 1916, and acted as guide for the Raid at Jifjafa, 11-14 April 1916. Scott, Major WH, made this comment about him after the raid to Jifjafa: "This officer made a previous reconnaissance of portion of the country and his knowledge and experience were of great value to me from first to last. He is the finest Scout Officer I have ever seen and was untiring in his energy, giving me particular help in his topographical knowledge." [Scott, Major WH, Reconnaissance Report 15 April 1916, p. 4.]] that the 10th Light Horse Regiment was in trouble near the buildings and McKenzie, Major KA, with 50 dismounted men, was sent. Just then the horses came up and Royston, Brigadier General JR, asked for two mounted troops and these were sent under Chanter, Captain JC. These were not required as the enemy surrendered. The Regiment had not much time to collect prisoners using one Officer and a few men, and we handed over four officers and 154 Other Ranks to the Division and these were credited to the 3rd Light Horse Brigade. Shortly after 1800 the Regiment watered and marched back to the rendezvous. The Regiment casualties were one killed [Fix, 179 Lance Corporal RHA] and 17 Other Ranks wounded. Also two horses killed and one destroyed. This was the first time the Lewis Gun team were in action. I cannot speak too highly of their dash, initiative and skill. They are instrumental in keeping down the enemy's fire to a great extent thus keeping down our own casualties. We fed at the rendezvous and left there at 2300 for return to El Arish.
Darley, TH, With the Ninth Light Horse in the Great War, Adelaide, Hassell Press, 1924, pp 60 - 63.
El Arish and El Magdhaba Operations
El Magdhaba is situated on the banks of the Wadi El Arish, about 23 miles, as the crow flies, from the sea. Except from a military point of view, it was a place of no importance, but standing in a natural defensive position it was well garrisoned with a view to holding up our further advance. It could also be used by the enemy as a starting place for a turning movement against our right flank. It was clear to all that no further advance could be made in our direct line until this menace to our communications was removed, and the Commander in Chief decided that the Anzac Mounted Division would efficiently carry out this duty.
At daybreak, shortly after arrival at Es Ria, the Regiment took up a position about 3,000 yards north of El Magdhaba. From this point the 1st Light Horse Brigade could be clearly seen closing in to the attack. At 9.45 a.m. the Brigade commenced to move round the enemy's right flank, whilst the New Zealanders occupied some prominent sand hills; the Inverness and Leicester Batteries, Royal Horse Artillery, being between them and the Imperial Camel Corps. These batteries immediately opened fire on the redoubts, thus enabling the advancing troops to gain ground. The enemy up to this had lain low, but he prepared to give his usual display of defensive fighting and opened heavy and accurate fire at ranges of from 1,000 to 1,200 yards.
The Regiment now took up a position on the left of the New Zealanders and was supported by the 8th Light Horse Regiment. The two Regiments dismounted and advanced in extended order. The country at this particular point was practically level for a distance of 2,000 yards, whilst the enemy trenches were on a slight rise, and so placed that their fire would sweep the whole plain. A few grassy hillocks dotted over the plain afforded slight cover, but these were few and far between. As the Regiments advanced the line was shortened by the 8th Light Horse Regiment advancing on a slightly different direction, and two troops were dropped back as support. When about 1,000 yards from the enemy position snipers and Lewis guns were pushed forward to cover the advance, which was made by alternate rushes, troop by troop, each troop supporting the advance by rapid fire. The heavy and accurately placed fire of the enemy began to take effect, and a number of casualties occurred, but by 2.30 p.m. the line had been advanced to within 500 yards of the position, and drew the attention of the enemy gunners who opened a brisk fire with shrapnel.
The line was now straightened up and reserve ammunition brought forward for the Lewis guns. At 3.15 p.m. the line again advanced by rushes of 25 yards, whilst the batteries kept up a brisk fire on the redoubts. On arrival at 150 yards from the redoubts, the line laid low for a spell and at 3.45 p.m. bayonets were fixed ready for the final rush. At a given signal the whole line leapt to their feet, and, rushing forward with wild cheers, carried the outer trenches, many of the enemy being bayoneted before the remainder surrendered.
Our machine guns, which had been in rear supporting the move by overhead fire, now came forward, and together with the Lewis guns and rifles, opened a heavy fire on the enemy position to our right thus enabling the Imperial Camel Corps and New Zealanders to advance. In the meantime the 10th Light Horse Regiment had moved round the right flank for the purpose of cutting off any attempt at escape.
The 8th and 9th Light Horse Regiments now advanced against the buildings from which rifle fire was being directed, the 8th Light Horse Regiment capturing a battery of light guns during the move. As the prisoners were being rounded up news arrived that the 10th Light Horse Regiment were hard pressed on the far side of the buildings, and McKenzie, Major KA, with 50 men were immediately sent to their support. Royston, Brigadier General JR, called for two mounted troops, and as the horses had just arrived, these were despatched under the command of Chanter, Captain JC, but this party on arrival found that the enemy force had already surrendered to McKenzie, Major KA, and his party. McKenzie, Major KA, with C Squadron did excellent work during the day, and to them fell the honour of taking the first enemy trench.
The Royal Flying Corps was by no means idle during the day, our pilots skimming the enemy trenches frequently and doing good work with their machine guns. They also dropped a liberal supply of light bombs on enemy strong points, doing considerable damage and with good moral effect.
This was the first action in which the Lewis gun teams had used their new guns, their work showing great initiative and tactical judgment, special credit being due to McKenna, 804 Corporal B; Harley, 471 Corporal A; and, Carter, 892A Corporal WH, for the manner in which they handled their teams, reconnoitred the position, and brought effective fire to bear with economical use of ammunition. Cruddas, 397 Trooper GF; and, Fulwood, 11 Trooper AL, did splendid work in bringing up supplies of ammunition under heavy machine gun fire, whilst the stretcher bearers, Crack, 1472 Trooper AH; and, Currie, 645 Trooper AH, did excellent work amongst the wounded.
The Regiment had little time to collect prisoners, but five officers and 154 other ranks taken in the first trench were handed over to the Division. It had been stated that the enemy had destroyed their water service when all hope of a successful resistance had been abandoned, but this was found to be incorrect, and both horses and men drank to their heart's content from his abundant supply. A party was sent out to collect the wounded and bury the dead, whilst another party from one of the Brigades was sent to clear up the battle ground.
A plentiful supply of wood was found, and as the night was drawing in and was bitterly cold large fires were lighted. It was indeed a strange sight to see our men and the Turks, who one hour before had been fighting a bitter fight, sitting side by side round the fires, sharing their evening meal and cigarettes, apparently on the best of terms.
At 11 p.m. the Division moved off on the return journey, arriving at Bir Lahfan at 3 a.m., where it halted and bivouacked. The huge column of prisoners arrived at 4.30 a.m. and halted. A convoy of 400 camels had been sent out from El Arish, and at daybreak each enemy prisoner received a ration consisting of one tin of bully beef, one pound of biscuits, and one quart of water. For the purpose of distributing these rations the prisoners were paraded in line, and were told off in parties of 20, under their own officers and Non Commissioned Officers. Each party was then given 20 tins of meat and one tin of biscuits, and were marched off a short distance, where the supplies were distributed amongst the party. It is doubtful whether they had ever received such a generous ration during the whole of their desert campaign.
At daybreak the Division resumed the march to El Arish, and went into bivouac at Hod Masaid, which was reached at 9 a.m. on the 24th December 1916. The operations had been a severe test on the endurance of both men and horses, as three night marches had been done during the past four nights, with plenty of hard work during the intervening days.
That the operations were an unqualified success is proved by the fact that the whole garrison of roughly 2,000 had been captured, together with a large quantity of stores, a battery of guns, and many machine guns. The prisoners were a mixed lot, representing many tribes, but were all of fine physique. Several Germans were amongst the bag, and one black officer was seen. After a short rest and meal they were conducted to El Arish and sent to Egypt.
The work of the transport was very trying throughout these operations. When the force moved from the Wadi El Arish on the night of the 22nd December 1916, the transport camels allotted to the Brigade were collected and marched to the supply depot on the beach at El Arish by Darley, Captain TH, and loaded with further supplies. At 10 a.m. on the 23rd December 1916 this party commenced the long and trying journey to El Magdhaba, 80 per cent of the camels carrying drinking water. By continuous marching El Magdhaba was reached at 9.30 p.m., and the supplies were issued to the various units. The convoy immediately started on the return journey, arriving at Bir Lahfan at 2 a.m. where it halted. After the prisoners had been rationed the two convoys were moved back to El Arish, arriving at 3 p.m. on the 24th December 1916.
9th Light Horse Regiment War Diary - Holding line.
1918
Monday, December 23, 1918
9th Light Horse Regiment Location - Tripoli
9th Light Horse Regiment War Diary - Training cancelled owing to rain. Shelley, Captain JE, returned. Tug on which he was travelling after putting out to sea had to return owing to rough weather. Training of competitors for 3rd Light Horse Brigade Mounted Sports on New Year's Day commenced.
1919
Tuesday, December 23, 1919
9th Light Horse Regiment Location - Adelaide
9th Light Horse Regiment War Diary - Regiment disbanded.
Another entry from the book written by Lieutenant Colonel Hüseyin Hüsnü Emir, called Yildirim. Every day, one page of the book will be posted. This is Page 169.
Colonel Hüsnü, Yildirim, Page 169.
[Click on page for a larger print version.]
This chapter deals with Hüsnü observations of the Turkish response to Beersheba on other parts of the battlefield.
The following entries are extracted and transcribed from the 9th Light Horse Regiment War Diary, the originals of which are held by the Australian War Memorial. There are 366 entries on this site. Each day has entries as they occurred from 1914 to 1919. In addition to the 9th Light Horse Regiment War Diary, when appropriate, entries from the 3rd Light Horse Brigade War Diary and other regiments with the Brigade will also appear. Entries from the unit history, Darley, TH, With the Ninth Light Horse in the Great War, Adelaide, Hassell Press, 1924 will also appear from time to time. The aim is to give the broadest context to the story and allow the reader to follow the day to day activities of the regiment. If a relative happened to have served in the regiment during the Great War, then this provides a general framework in which the individual story may be told.
9th Light Horse Regiment Location - El Arish, Sinai
9th Light Horse Regiment War Diary - Brigade moved at 1650 to ground ½ mile south of the Mosque. Luxmoore, Lieutenant EM; and, two Other Ranks rejoined from Kantara. Enemy aeroplane flew over. No bombs dropped. Brigade moved out at 1800 with Division to rendezvous, a point in Wadi El Arish two miles south of town where rations, fodder and water were drawn and issued.
1917
Saturday, December 22, 1917
9th Light Horse Regiment Location - Suffa.
9th Light Horse Regiment War Diary - Very little enemy movement observed. Small posts are observed daily in vicinity of Kuddis, Jurdeh, Khurbetha Ibn Harith, and Kefr Namah. Enemy patrols are not observed to advance nearer than 3,000 yards of our line.
1918
Sunday, December 22, 1918
9th Light Horse Regiment Location - Tripoli
9th Light Horse Regiment War Diary - Voluntary church parade. C Squadron and all original horses of the Regiment photographed. The original horses totalled 140. Although many of these horses were much war scarred they looked remarkably well and fit considering the rough times they have had. Members of the regiment viewed them with great pride, knowing full well how largely they have contributed to the success of the operations on this front. The total of 140 did not include many original horses absent with members of the Regiment detached, transferred etc.
1919
Tuesday, December 22, 1919
9th Light Horse Regiment Location - Adelaide
9th Light Horse Regiment War Diary - Regiment disbanded.
Another entry from the book written by Lieutenant Colonel Hüseyin Hüsnü Emir, called Yildirim. Every day, one page of the book will be posted. This is Page 168.
Colonel Hüsnü, Yildirim, Page 168.
[Click on page for a larger print version.]
This chapter deals with Hüsnü observations of the Turkish response to Beersheba on other parts of the battlefield.
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Monday, December 23, 1918
