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Biographical Research Links
1. First World War Embarkation Roll - AWM
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3. The AIF Project - ADFA - WW1 Search
4. National Archives Search
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7. Archives NZ - Archway
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9. Geoffs British Soldier 1914-1921 Search Engine
10. British Soldier Search - British National Archives
11. London Gazette
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Fora
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"At a mile distant their thousand hooves were stuttering thunder, coming at a rate that frightened a man - they were an awe inspiring sight, galloping through the red haze - knee to knee and horse to horse - the dying sun glinting on bayonet points..." Trooper Ion Idriess
The Australian Light Horse Studies Centre aims to present an accurate history as chroniclers of early Australian military developments from 1899 to 1920.
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WARNING: This site contains: names, information and images of deceased people; and, language which may be considered inappropriate today. Desert Column Forum
Australian Society, 1899 - 1920
General Items
Contents
This thread deals with general topical items that concerned Australians during the period 1899 to 1920. The items are too eclectic and individual to be listed under their own threads, and so they end up here.
Items:
Celebrating Australia
Federation
Australian Federation, Military Implications, The Strange Account
Women
Men
Ephemera
What is on at the movies?
What's on at the movies? December 1917 Movie Ads.
Further Reading:
The Battle of Anzac Cove
Gallipoli, 25 April 1915
Outline
Anzac Cove, the name given to the stretch of Turkish coastline on the west coast of' the Gallipoli Peninsula upon which the Australian & New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC) made an invasion landing on 25 April 1915. The landing, and others by British and French forces further south, marked the start of an eight-month campaign aimed at seizing control of the Dardanelles, the 60-kilometre long strait connecting the Aegean Sea with the Sea of Marmara. Since this waterway was strategically of utmost importance as a naval route between the Mediterranean and the Black Sea, and also for the defence of the Turkish capital at Constantinople, the Allied incursion was fiercely (and ultimately successfully) resisted by the Turks.
[From: AWM G7432.a1s65 Gallipoli XXVI.9]
Four hours after the initial landing, a significant portion of the Australian division was safely ashore and the leading elements were pushing inland through dense scrub amid a maze of steep ridges and narrow gullies. Their advance was cut short when the local Turkish commander, Mustafa Kemal (later known as Kemal Attaturk), rallied his troops in time to seize the crucially important Chunuk Bair and Sari Bair ridges. The Australian failure to take these dominating heights on the first day meant that the beach-head gained was successfully contained by the enemy to a triangular area of about 160 hectares within a perimeter of less than two kilometres; a similar fate met the British landings at Cape Helles. Although both Bridges and Godley argued for the Anzac troops to be immediately re-embarked, this advice was refused. A prolonged siege followed, during which both sides struggled to gain advantage (see Baby 700). A general Turkish assault on 19 May, undertaken by four divisions totalling 42,000 men, resulted in 10,000 enemy casualties-roughly 3,000 of whom were killed.
Notwithstanding a second British landing aimed at expanding the original beach-head, undertaken in august at Suvla Bay six kilometres north of Anzac (see Lone Pine, The Nek and Hill 971), the stale mate continued. On 19-20 December the Allied garrison of Anzac and Suvla was evacuated without loss in a brilliantly executed secret operation, followed by that at Helles on 8 January 1916. The Gallipoli campaign had been a costly failure, claiming 180,000 casualties out of the 480,000 Allied troops committed to the fighting; no precise figure is available for the Turks, but their losses were probably about 220,000. Some 50,000 Australians served at Anzac, and of these more than 26,000 became casualties (some sources say 27,500) including nearly 8,000 killed or died of wounds or disease. In Australia, the experience of Anzac took on a powerful nationalist meaning from 1916, embodied ever since in annual commemoration of the landing anniversary as 'Anzac Day'.
Extracted from the book produced by Chris Coulthard-Clark, Where Australians Fought - The Encyclopaedia of Australia's Battles, Allen and Unwin, Sydney, 1998, pp. 101-103.
Additional References cited by Chris Coulthard-Clark:
C.E.W. Bean, The Story of Anzac, Vol. I (1921) & Vol. 2 (1924), Sydney: Angus & Robertson.
John Robertson, (1990), Anzac and Empire, Melbourne: Hamlyn Australia.
Further Reading:
The Battle of Anzac Cove, Gallipoli, 25 April 1915
The Battle of Anzac Cove, Gallipoli, 25 April 1915, AIF, Roll of Honour
Battles where Australians fought, 1899-1920
The Jifjafa Raid
Sinai, 10 - 14 April 1916
Contents
Items
The Jifjafa Raid, Sinai, April 10 to 14, 1916, Outline
Roll of Honour
The Jifjafa Raid, Sinai, April 10 to 14, 1916, Roll of Honour, 3rd Australian Light Horse Brigade
MapsMapping the 9th LHR attack at Jifjafa
Mapping the Jifjafa Region
Official War History AccountsBritishFalls AccountAustralianGullett Account
GermanKress Account
War Diary AccountsAustraliaGeneral Staff Headquarters, Anzac Mounted Division, AIF, War Diary Account
3rd Light Horse BrigadeThe Jifjafa Raid, Sinai, April 10 to 14, 1916, Operation Order No. 6The Jifjafa Raid, Sinai, April 10 to 14, 1916, Continuation of Operation Order No. 6The Jifjafa Raid, Sinai, April 10 to 14, 1916, Antill Account3rd Light Horse Brigade Account3rd Light Horse Field Ambulance3rd Light Horse Field Ambulance War Diary AccountThe Jifjafa Raid, Sinai, April 10 to 14, 1916, White Account8th ALHR, AIF, War Diary, account9th Light Horse RegimentThe Jifjafa Raid, Sinai, April 10 to 14, 1916, Scott Account9th ALHR, AIF, War Diary, account (No account available for April.)
Unit HistoriesAustralia3rd LHFA, AIF, Unit History Account8th LHR, AIF account
9th LHR, AIF account
Newspaper AccountsNew York Times Account, 16 April 1916Times Account, 17 April 1916
Further Reading:
Reconnaissance to Muksheib by Captain Wearne
The Jifjafa Raid, Sinai, April 10 to 14
Battles where Australians fought, 1899-1920
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