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"At a mile distant their thousand hooves were stuttering thunder, coming at a rate that frightened a man - they were an awe inspiring sight, galloping through the red haze - knee to knee and horse to horse - the dying sun glinting on bayonet points..." Trooper Ion Idriess

The Australian Light Horse Studies Centre aims to present an accurate history as chroniclers of early Australian military developments from 1899 to 1920.

The Australian Light Horse Studies Centre site holds over 12,000 entries and is growing daily.

Contact: Australian Light Horse Studies Centre

Let us hear your story: You can tell your story, make a comment or ask for help on our Australian Light Horse Studies Centre Forum called:

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WARNING: This site contains: names, information and images of deceased people; and, language which may be considered inappropriate today.

Wednesday, 30 September 2009
11th Australian Light Horse Regiment, Contents
Topic: AIF - 4B - 11 LHR

11th LHR, AIF

11th Australian Light Horse Regiment

Contents

 

11th Light Horse Regiment Colour Patch after February 1917

 

The 11th Light Horse Regiment was formed as part of the 4th Australian Light Horse Brigade, 1915 , 4th Contingent and attached to the Australian Division. The 11th Light Horse Regiment was a composite regiment with two squadrons made up by recruits from the 1st Military District which incorporated all of Queensland, Darwin and Northern New South Wales while the last squadron, "C" Squadron was composed of men from the 4th Military District [South Australia and the Broken Hill region of New South Wales].

 

Structure

The Australian Light Horse – Structural outline

Australian Light Horse Order of Battle

 

Corps

Desert Mounted Corps (DMC)

 

Division

Australian Mounted Division

 

Brigade

Imperial Camel Corps - units

4th Light Horse Brigade

 

Regiment

11th Australian Light Horse Regiment

 

History

Romani (Battle of Aweidia)

Battle of Romani, Sinai, August 4 to 5, 1916, 11th LHR, AIF, War Diary Account (Battle of Aweidia) 

Battle of Romani, Sinai, August 4 to 5, 1916, 11th LHR, AIF, Unit History Account (Battle of Aweidia) 

Beersheba

The Battle of Beersheba, Palestine, 31 October 1917, 11th LHR, AIF, Unit History Account 

Es Salt Raid

11th LHR, AIF account about the 2nd Es Salt Raid – Chapter XVI

Jordan Valley

11th LHR, AIF account about the Jordan Valley – Chapter XVII

 

Routine Orders

One of the best sources of information available for understanding the immediate challenges facing a regiment is to be found in the Routine Orders. They are a wealth of detail. The Routine Orders provide an unvarnished history of the Regiment.

11th LHR Routine Order 101, 18 June 1916

 

Embarkation

Full Roll

Roll: A - C

Roll: D - F

Roll: G - J

Roll: K - L

Roll: M - Q

Roll: R - S

Roll: T - Z

 

Individual Rolls

Regimental Headquarters Section

"A" Squadron

"B" Squadron

"C" Squadron

Machine Gun Section

1st Reinforcements Medic Group 

1st Reinforcements Borda Group

2nd Reinforcements Kanowna Group

2nd Reinforcements Shropshire Group 

3rd Reinforcements Kyarra Group 

3rd Reinforcements Star Of England Group

4th Reinforcements Hymettus Group

4th Reinforcements Star Of England Group 

5th Reinforcements Warilda Group 

5th Reinforcements Ballarat Group

6th Reinforcements Mashobra Group 

6th Reinforcements Benalla Group 

6th Reinforcements Hawkes Bay 23 October Group 

6th Reinforcements Hawkes Bay 26 October Group

7th Reinforcements Hawkes Bay Group 

7th Reinforcements Suffolk Group 

7th Reinforcements Geelong Group

8th Reinforcements

9th Reinforcements

10th Reinforcements

11th Reinforcements

12th Reinforcements

13th Reinforcements

18th Reinforcements

19th Reinforcements

20th Reinforcements

 

Personnel

865 Sgt Percy Charles POINTON

 

Roll of Honour

11th Australian Light Horse Regiment, Roll of Honour  

Lest We Forget

 

Further Reading:

11th Australian Light Horse Regiment, AIF
 
11th Australian Light Horse Regiment, Roll of Honour 

Battles where Australians fought, 1899-1920

 


Citation: 11th Australian Light Horse Regiment, Contents

Posted by Project Leader at 12:01 AM EADT
Updated: Monday, 4 January 2010 11:42 AM EAST
Tuesday, 29 September 2009
Victorian (Volunteer) Mounted Rifles, Contents
Topic: Militia - LHV - Vic
VMR

Victorian (Volunteer) Mounted Rifles

Contents

 

Items:

VMR

The Australian Mounted Rifles, Militia Outline, An essay by Ivan, 1885

Victorian (Volunteer) Mounted Rifles, Formation 1886 

Victorian (Volunteer) Mounted Rifles, 1887

 

Victorian Light Horse

1903 Reorganisation, Victoria

Victoria Militia - 8th, 16th and 8th (Indi) Light Horse

Victoria Militia - 9th and 19th (Yarrowee) Light Horse

Victoria Militia - 10th and 13th (Gippsland) Light Horse

Victoria Militia - 11th, 20th and 4th (Corangamite) Light Horse

Victoria Militia - 17th (Campaspe) Light Horse

Victoria Militia - 29th (Port Phillip) Light Horse

Victoria Light Horse Militia 

 

Locations

Victorian Light Horse location list 1910 

Victoria Light Horse location list 1913

 

 

Further Reading:

Victorian Mounted Rifles

The Light Horse

Australian Light Horse Militia

Militia 1899 - 1920

 


Citation: Victorian (Volunteer) Mounted Rifles, Contents

Posted by Project Leader at 5:43 PM EADT
Updated: Wednesday, 9 December 2009 8:22 AM EAST
11th Australian Light Horse Regiment, AIF, Outline
Topic: AIF - 4B - 11 LHR

11th LHR, AIF

11th Australian Light Horse Regiment

Outline

 

11th Light Horsemen parading through Brisbane, Queensland, June 1915.

[From: The Queenslander, 6 June 1915, p. 21.]

 

Formation

The 11th Light Horse Regiment was formed as part of the 4th Australian Light Horse Brigade, 1915 , 4th Contingent and attached to the Australian Division. The 11th Light Horse Regiment was a composite regiment with two squadrons made up by recruits from the 1st Military District which incorporated all of Queensland, Darwin and Northern New South Wales while the last squadron, "C" Squadron was composed of men from the 4th Military District [South Australia and the Broken Hill region of New South Wales]. The 11th Light Horse Regiment was established at Enoggera Training Camp to the west of Brisbane, Queensland, at the end of March 1915. The South Australian members trained at Morphettville Race Track Training Camp to the west of Adelaide, South Australia. 

"A" Squadron recruited from Queensland.

"B" Squadron recruited from Queensland.

"C" Squadron recruited from South Australia.

 

 

Training 


11th Light Horse Regiment Routine Order No 1, 24 March 1915

[Click on page for larger version.]

 

The 11th Light Horse Regiment commenced training at Enoggera Training Camp to the west of Brisbane, Queensland, at the end of March 1915. The South Australian members trained at Morphettville Race Track Training Camp and later moving to the Mitcham Training Camp to the south of Adelaide, South Australia. On 2 May 1915, the 11th Light Horse Regiment came together at Fraser’s Paddock Camp, outside Brisbane, and trained as a single Regiment as opposed to previous composite regiments when training occurred at different locations.

 

Embarkation

Embarkation of the 11th Light Horse Regiment was accomplished in two groups using both the HMAT A7 Medic and HMAT A30 Borda from Brisbane, Queensland. 


White Star Liner Medic leaving Port Melbourne, 28 October 1899

[See: His Majesty's Australian Transports [HMAT] Ships, A7.

 

The 11th Light Horse Regiment Headquarters, Machine Gun Section, "A" and "C" Squadrons embarked on the HMAT A7 Medic from Brisbane, Queensland, 2 June 1915.


HMAT A30 Borda
 
[See: His Majesty's Australian Transports [HMAT] Ships, A30.

 

11th Light Horse Regiment "B" Squadron embarked on the  HMAT A30 Borda from Brisbane, Queensland, 16 June 1915.

The 11th Light Horse Regiment sailed to Egypt and disembarked on 23 July 1915.

 

Colour Patch

Initially, the only colour separation of the various Australian mounted troops was by use of the pennant. The marker pennants were carried on poles to mark lines troop lines in camps in Egypt. They were not lance pennants as the Australian lancers had red over white pennants on their lances.

 

Pennant of the 11th Light Horse Regiment

 

While this pennant was useful in distinguishing horse and troop lines, it failed to identify the individual with a unit. The AIF 1st Australian Division Standing Orders issued in December 1914 ordered the Australian Light Horse Regiments to wear a 4 inch wide [10.2cm] blue armband with the regiment name marked on the band in black lettering.

The earlier systems proved to be ineffective so to assist with identification of the men in the various units within the AIF, Divisional Order No 81 (A) Administration was issued at Mena on 8 March 1915 detailing the Colour Patch for the 11th Light Horse Regiment as others received their colours. The colour patch was made of cloth 1¼ inches wide and 2¾ inches long and worn on the sleeve one inch below the shoulder seam.

 

First 11th Light Horse Regiment Colour Patch
 
 
The first colour patch for the 11th Light Horse Regiment was a circle with white over red. This was worn by the men from the renamed 11th Light Horse Regiment became the 1st Camel Regiment.
 
 

Second 11th Light Horse Regiment Colour Patch

 

The reformed 11th Light Horse Regiment as part of the 4th Australian Light Horse Brigade, Australian Mounted Division, carried the blue Brigade colour as the lower triangle part of the colour patch, while the green unit colour was on the top. This is illustrated with the above presentation.

 

Aden

During the voyage to Egypt, the part of the 11th Light Horse Regiment travelling on the HMAT A7 Medic was diverted to Aden and landed on 12 July 1916 to bolster the defences of the British garrison which was under pressure from Yemeni tribesmen who were threatening an attack. By 18 July no attack had occurred and the threat diminished allowing the Regiment re-embarked to Egypt.

 

Gallipoli

As mounted troops, the Light Horse was considered to be unsuitable for work in Gallipoli. The mounted troops volunteered to operate as infantry. Because of the level of casualties at Gallipoli, the 11th Light Horse Regiment was broken up on 26 August 1915 with squadrons being allotted to other Regiments as reinforcements.

"A" Squadron became "D" Squadron,  2nd Australian Light Horse Regiment.

"B" Squadron became "D" Squadron, 5th Australian Light Horse Regiment.

"C" Squadron became "D" Squadron, 9th Australian Light Horse Regiment.

The various squadrons of the Regiment were deployed on primarily defensive activities throughout the stay at Gallipoli. The various squadrons of the 11th Light Horse Regiment left the peninsula during December 1915.

 

Defence of Egypt

After the return to Egypt, on 19 February 1916, the 11th Light Horse Regiment reformed and re-equipped. On 28 February 1916, the 11th Light Horse Regiment moved to the Suez Canal taking part in its defence. The work was hot and monotonous.

 

Sinai

After many months service in the Sinai, during September 1916 the 11th Light Horse Regiment was redesignated as the 1st Camel Regiment. The Regiment continued to see further service in the Sinai. 

 

Palestine

During the reorganisation of the Light Horse Divisions, the Regiment resumed its old identity as the 11th Light Horse Regiment in February 1917. The 11th Light Horse Regiment became part of the 4th Light Horse Brigade in the Imperial Mounted Division and then Australian Mounted Division.

The 11th Light Horse Regiment  took part in the Second Battle of Gaza on 19 April 1917 and suffered the heaviest casualties since Gallipoli.

The 11th Light Horse Regiment took part in the Battle of Beersheba but while they were part of the 4th Light Horse Brigade, the 11th Light Horse Regiment took no part in the charge.

On 7 November 1917, while charging at Tel el Sheria, a troop became separated from the squadron and was totally destroyed.

The 11th Light Horse Regiment and then took part in the follow up actions that lasted until early January 1918.

From this time onwards, for the next two months, the 11th Light Horse Regiment remained in continuous combat action until relieved for three months refit and training at Deir el Belah from early January 1918.

In early April 1918, the 11th Light Horse Regiment moved into the Jordan Valley and took part in the invasion of Moab and took Es Salt during the action of 30 April – 4 May 1918. Unfortunately, due to a Turkish attack on the lines of communication which was being defended by 4th Light Horse Brigade, this raid nearly turned into a disaster where the Turkish forces almost cut off the Australian Mounted Division in the hills.


Megiddo

In a move that converted the Light Horse into full cavalry, the Australian Mounted Division was issued with swords during August and early September 1917. The Australian Mounted Division went to work training with swords and undertaking cavalry work.

On 19 September 1918 the Battle of Megiddo began. The infantry over ran the Turkish defensive trenches allowing the cavalry to debouch into the Turkish hinterland. The 11th Light Horse Regiment participated in the breakthrough which moved rapidly through the north of Palestine. At the end of the first week, it was obvious that the way to Damascus was open and so a second push occurred on the heels of the first assault. On 1 October 1918, Damascus was taken.

After a rest in Damascus, the 11th Light Horse Regiment moved towards Homs when the Turks surrendered on 30 October 1918.

 

Return to Australia

After the conclusion of hostilities, the 11th Light Horse Regiment was marked to return to Australia. Prior to that action, one of the saddest actions occurred for the Australian Lighthorsemen, they had to farewell their best friends, the horses. All the Light Horse unit horses' health was ascertained with the fit horses being transferred to the Indian Cavalry while those in poor condition were destroyed by the Veterinary units.

On 13 March 1919 the 11th Light Horse Regiment was deployed  to assist in suppressing the Egyptian Uprising. When the revolt collapsed, the 11th Light Horse Regiment embarked on the 17 July 1919 for the long voyage to Australia where the unit was disbanded. 


Commanding Officers

Lieutenant Colonel William Grant
Lieutenant Colonel John William Parsons
Lieutenant Colonel Percival John Bailey
 

Decorations earned by the 11th Light Horse Regiment

  • 4 DSO - Distinguished Service Orders
  • 9 MC & 1 Bar - Military Crosses
  • 6 DCM - Distinguished Conduct Medals
  • 13 MM- Military Medals
  • 27 MID - Mentioned in Despatches
  • 2 foreign awards 

 

Campaigns

Gallipoli

  • Sari Bair
  • Gallipoli 1915-1916

Egypt

  • Defence of Egypt

Palestine

  • Second Battle of Gaza
  • Third Battle of Gaza
  • Beersheba
  • El Mughar
  • Nebi Samwill
  • Jerusalem
  • Jericho
  • Es Salt
  • Megiddo
  • Sharon
  • Palestine 1917-1918

 

Casualties suffered by the 11th Light Horse Regiment

  • 95 killed
  • 521 wounded


War Diary

The Australian War Memorial has put these on line and may be accessed here:

11th Light Horse Regiment War Diaries.

 

Embarkations:

The following list details all the embarkations in support of the 11th Light Horse Regiment, AIF, during the Great War. Each entry details to formation and the ships on which the units embarked with the date and place of embarkation. The detail of the formation is linked to a list of men who embarked upon that ship on the specific date.

 

Regimental Headquarters Section

Brisbane, Queensland on board HMAT A7 Medic 2 June 1915

"A" Squadron

Brisbane, Queensland on board HMAT A7 Medic 2 June 1915

"B" Squadron

Brisbane, Queensland on board HMAT A30 Borda 16 June 1915

"C" Squadron

Brisbane, Queensland on board HMAT A7 Medic 2 June 1915

Machine Gun Section

Brisbane, Queensland on board HMAT A7 Medic 2 June 1915

1st Reinforcements Medic Group 

1st Reinforcements Borda Group 

Brisbane, Queensland on board HMAT A7 Medic 2 June 1915

Adelaide, South Australia on board HMAT A30 Borda 23 June 1915

2nd Reinforcements Shropshire Group  

2nd Reinforcements Kanowna Group

Sydney, New South Wales on board HMAT A9 Shropshire 20 August 1915

Adelaide, South Australia on board HMAT A61 Kanowna 24 June 1915

3rd Reinforcements Kyarra Group 

3rd Reinforcements Star Of England Group

Brisbane, Queensland on board HMAT A55 Kyarra 16 August 1915

Adelaide, South Australia on board HMAT A15 Star Of England 21 September 1915

4th Reinforcements Hymettus Group

4th Reinforcements Star Of England Group  

Brisbane, Queensland on board HMAT A1 Hymettus 17 September 1915

Adelaide, South Australia on board HMAT A15 Star Of England 21 September 1915

5th Reinforcements Warilda Group 

5th Reinforcements Ballarat Group 

Brisbane, Queensland on board HMAT A69 Warilda 5 October 1915

Adelaide, South Australia on board HMAT A70 Ballarat 14 September 1915

6th Reinforcements Mashobra Group 

6th Reinforcements Benalla Group 

6th Reinforcements Hawkes Bay 23 October Group 

6th Reinforcements Hawkes Bay 26 October Group

Sydney, New South Wales on board HMAT A47 Mashobra 4 October 1915

Adelaide, South Australia on board HMAT A24 Benalla 27 October 1915

Sydney, New South Wales on board SS Hawkes Bay 23 October 1915

Melbourne, Victoria on board SS Hawkes Bay 26 October 1915

7th Reinforcements Hawkes Bay Group 

7th Reinforcements Suffolk Group 

7th Reinforcements Geelong Group

Sydney, New South Wales on board SS Hawkes Bay 23 October 1915

Sydney, New South Wales on board HMAT A23 Suffolk 30 November 1915

Adelaide, South Australia on board HMAT A2 Geelong 18 November 1915

8th Reinforcements

Sydney, New South Wales on board HMAT A10 Karoo 5 May 1916

9th Reinforcements

Brisbane, Queensland on board HMAT A49 Seang Choon 4 May 1916

10th Reinforcements

Sydney, New South Wales on board RMS Mongolia 8 July 1916

11th Reinforcements

Sydney, New South Wales on board RMS Malwa 22 July 1916

12th Reinforcements

Sydney, New South Wales on board RMS Mooltan 19 August 1916

13th Reinforcements

Melbourne, Victoria on board HMAT A65 Clan Macewen 9 October 1916

18th Reinforcements

Sydney, New South Wales on board HMAT A15 Port Sydney 9 May 1917

19th Reinforcements

Sydney, New South Wales on board HMAT A15 Port Sydney 9 May 1917

20th Reinforcements

Sydney, New South Wales on board HMAT A38 Ulysses 19 December 1917

See: Troop transport ships for information and photographs about the various ships employed in transporting the troops to Egypt.

 

Further Reading:

11th Australian Light Horse Regiment, AIF
 
11th Australian Light Horse Regiment, Roll of Honour 

Battles where Australians fought, 1899-1920

 


Citation: 11th Australian Light Horse Regiment, AIF, Outline

Posted by Project Leader at 12:01 AM EADT
Updated: Saturday, 9 January 2010 8:56 PM EAST
Monday, 28 September 2009
Australian Service Personnel, Photograph Albums, Contents
Topic: AAC-Photo Albums

Australian Service Personnel

Photograph Albums

Trooper Ellis, The Military Force Souvenir Album

 

At the conclusion of his service in the Light Horse during the Great War, Trooper Ellis self published an album of his photographs. The album was bound by hand tooled leather and contained 90 photographs, all of which were captioned.

The photographs cover the period from Romani to 3rd Gaza. There are additional commentaries on the photographs where they are warranted.

Here are a sample of four pictures which give the range of subjects photographed by Trooper Ellis.

Image

 

Resting after Stunt


Quite a nicely composed picture of horse and horseman sleeping after the Battle of Romani.

 

Image

General Kress von Kressenstein Comdr of Gaza Captured by Anzac M Div

This photograph's caption makes a startling claim, that Kress was captured at Gaza. Since Kress was never captured by the Allied forces, the scene is not of Kress but another officer.

 

Image

French Soldiers camped somewhere


Oddly enough, in Ellis's album, there is not one picture of a British soldier. So the next best thing was the French.

 

Image

Remains of a Dead Turk


The album does give the grisly side to the war with a few pictures such as this.

 

The complete photograph album of Trooper Ellis is now available on the Australian Light Horse Studies Centre Site at:

The Military Force Souvenir Album

 

 

Further Reading:

Australian Service Personnel, Photograph Albums

Australian Light Horse

Battles where Australians fought, 1899-1920

 


Citation: Australian Service Personnel, Photograph Albums, Trooper Ellis, The Military Force Souvenir Album

Posted by Project Leader at 12:01 AM EADT
Updated: Tuesday, 28 September 2010 10:03 AM EADT
Victorian (Volunteer) Mounted Rifles, Formation 1886
Topic: Militia - LHV - Vic

VMR

Victorian (Volunteer) Mounted Rifles

Formation 1886

 

Victorian (Volunteer) Mounted Rifles was gazetted as a Volunteer formation by General Order 559 of 2 December 1885 with the express aim of consolidating all the disparate cavalry units dotted around Victoria into on co-ordinated and single administrative and military unit.

 

Headquarters

Melbourne

Commanding Officer

Lieutenant Colonel Tom Price, 1 May 1885.


Adjutant

Lieutenant John Charles Hoad, 4 June 1886.


Quartermaster

Captain Thomas Mann, 2 July 1886.


Surgeons

Archibald McDonald, 16 April 1886.

Henry St. John Mitchell, 16 April 1886.

William Francis Sweetman, 16 April 1886.

Henry Ogle Moore, 16 April 1886.

William Cleland Wilkinson, 16 April 1886.

Augustus McManus, 16 April 1886.


Veterinary Surgeon

Graham Mitchell, 16 April 1886.


 

"A" Company

Headquarters
Preston

Detachments
Dromana

Ferntree Gully

Flinders

Geelong

Preston



"B" Company

Headquarters
Kyneton

Detachments
Daylesford

Gisborne

Kyneton

Woodend



"C" Company

Headquarters
Heyfield

Detachments
Glengarry

Heyfield

Maffra

Rosedale

Sale



"D" Company

Headquarters
Drouin

Detachments
Drouin

Moe

Morwell

Trafalgar

Yarragon



"E" Company

Headquarters
Euroa

Detachments
Euroa

Strathbogie

Violet Town

Yea



"F" Company

Headquarters
Broadford

Detachments
Broadford

Katandra

Nagambie

Numurkah

Wunghnu



"G" Company

Headquarters
Camperdown

Detachments
Camperdown

Caramut

Dunkeld

Hexham

Mortlake

Penshurst



"H" Company

Headquarters
Hamilton

Detachments
Branxholme

Casterton

Coleraine

Digby

Hamilton

Heywood

Merino



"I" Company

Headquarters
Kerang

Detachments
Elmore

Kerang

Pyramid Hill

 

Lieutenants

Lieutenant Edgar Slee, 16 April 1886.

Lieutenant William Hallett Thomas, 16 April 1886.

Lieutenant William Braithwaite, 16 April 1886.

Lieutenant Walter George Farroll, 16 April 1886.

Lieutenant Martin Joseph Ryan, 16 April 1886.

Lieutenant William Hart Fawcett, 16 April 1886.

Lieutenant Richard Barker, 16 April 1886.

Lieutenant George Francis Nethercote, 16 April 1886.

Lieutenant William Thomas Reay, 16 April 1886.

Lieutenant John Parsons Learmonth, 16 April 1886.

Lieutenant Richard James Howell, 16 April 1886.

Lieutenant Charles Blanchard, 16 April 1886.

Lieutenant Alfred William Crowe, 16 April 1886.

Lieutenant David Alexander Skene, 16 April 1886.

Lieutenant Christopher Richard Smithwick, 16 April 1886.

Lieutenant William Benjamin Pleasants, 16 April 1886.

Lieutenant Reginald Ivon Argyle, 16 April 1886.

Lieutenant Charles Murray, 16 April 1886.

Lieutenant William Borthwick, 16 April 1886.

Lieutenant Edward Walker Boake, 16 April 1886.

Lieutenant William Henry Hooper, 16 April 1886.

Lieutenant John Niel McArthur, 16 April 1886.

Lieutenant Thomas Carre Riddell, 16 April 1886.

Lieutenant David James Rourke, 16 April 1886.

Lieutenant Henry Southern, 16 April 1886.

Lieutenant Emil Theodor Sichlau, 16 April 1886.

 

 

Further Reading:

Victorian Mounted Rifles

The Light Horse

Australian Light Horse Militia

Militia 1899 - 1920

 


Citation: Victorian (Volunteer) Mounted Rifles, Formation 1886

Posted by Project Leader at 12:01 AM EADT
Updated: Tuesday, 29 September 2009 5:47 PM EADT

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The Australian Light Horse Studies Centre is a not for profit and non profit group whose sole aim is to write the early history of the Australian Light Horse from 1900 - 1920. It is privately funded and the information is provided by the individuals within the group and while permission for the use of the material has been given for this site for these items by various donors, the residual and actual copyright for these items, should there be any, resides exclusively with the donors. The information on this site is freely available for private research use only and if used as such, should be appropriately acknowledged. To assist in this process, each item has a citation attached at the bottom for referencing purposes.

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