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"At a mile distant their thousand hooves were stuttering thunder, coming at a rate that frightened a man - they were an awe inspiring sight, galloping through the red haze - knee to knee and horse to horse - the dying sun glinting on bayonet points..." Trooper Ion Idriess

The Australian Light Horse Studies Centre aims to present an accurate history as chroniclers of early Australian military developments from 1899 to 1920.

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Tuesday, 17 March 2009

Zeppelin L43, North Sea, May 4, 1917
Topic: BatzN - Zeppelin L43

Zeppelin L43

North Sea, 4 May 1917

Crowds gather to watch the Zeppelin L43 land on a field.

North Sea, an unusual action fought on 4 May 1917 in waters south-east of Rosyth, Scotland, in which a British naval force of two light cruisers and four destroyers avoided numerous enemy submarines and bombing attacks mounted by the five engined Zeppelin L43, flagship of the German Naval Airship Division. The surface force under Captain John Dumaresq (an Australian serving in the Royal Navy), who commanded HMAS Sydney and was also second-in-command of the 2nd Light Cruiser Squadron, had been sent the previous day to sweep the channels between the mouths of the Forth and Humber estuaries.

Shortly after 10 a.m. a small vessel was sighted to the east of the course being steered by Dumaresq's ships, and a destroyer (Obdurate) detached to investigate this craft. At 10.25 an airship was spotted by the cruiser Dublin rapidly approaching from the east at a distance of about 27 kilometres. Both cruisers raced in the dirigible's direction and opened fire at extreme range. At this point Obdurate, having just reached the suspicious vessel, sighted two submarines-one of' which attacked her. The destroyer's captain responded by dropping several depth charges, but when he sighted the Zeppelin he, too, set off in pursuit of it. Before Obdurate had got within 6.5 kilometres, however, the German airship rose steeply and veered off to the south-east.

A remarkable photograph of the Zeppelin L43 attacking the HMAS Sydney.

[The photograph was taken by Able Seaman G Leahy, who lay on his back while HMAS Sydney was being bombed, 4 May 1917.]

Between 10.50 and 11.20 a.m. Dublin made three submarine sightings, and twice saw torpedo tracks indicating that she had been the target of unsuccessful attacks. Dumaresq, concluding that he was being lured into a prepared killing ground for enemy submarines, instructed Obdurate to finish checking the identity of the suspect vessel first sighted (which turned out to be an innocent Dutch fishing boat) while ordering his force to resume its original course. The sight of the British warships apparently retreating prompted the German airship to resume stalking them. Soon after midday Dumaresq ordered both cruisers to turn back on their course so as to engage the Zeppelin at a range of about 6,400 metres. This manoeuvre goaded the airship's captain into making a direct but high-level attack on the force.

The Zeppelin moved first against Dublin but its efforts to gain a bomb-dropping position were frustrated by the cruiser swerving sharply to starboard. An attempt to close on Obdurate was more successful and three bombs landed within ten metres of the destroyer, flinging shrapnel splinters onto her decks. Twenty minutes later L43 overflew the wildly zigzagging Sidney and dropped ten or twelve bombs, six of these in two salvos, but without scoring any hits. The warships were equally unsuccessful in hitting the airship with their high-angle guns, Dublin firing off 90 rounds and Sydney 69 rounds. Eventually both cruisers had expended their anti-aircraft ammunition, and L43 all its bombs, which brought the engagement to a fruitless end at about 2.30 p.m. During the last stage of the action the German captain apparently sought to summon another airship to his assistance, and in fact a second Zeppelin was sighted in the far distance to the north-east shortly before 1 p.m., but in the event did not approach and join in.

Charles Bryant's 1931 painting depicting the HMAS Sydney a the fight with Zeppelin L43 in the North Sea.

Extracted from the book produced by Chris Coulthard-Clark, Where Australians Fought - The Encyclopaedia of Australia's Battles, Allen and Unwin, Sydney, 1998, pp. 128-129.

Additional References cited by Chris Coulthard-Clark:

Arthur W . Jose, ( 1928), The Royal Australian Navy 1914-1918, Sydney: Angus & Robertson.

Further Reading:

Battles where Australians fought, 1899-1920

Citation: Zeppelin L43, North Sea, May 4, 1917

Posted by Project Leader at 11:01 PM EADT

Updated: Tuesday, 14 April 2009 11:32 PM EADT

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Belmont, South Africa, November 23, 1899
Topic: BatzB - Belmont

Belmont

South Africa, 23 November 1899

Map showing the battle of Belmont, 23 November 1899

[From: The Times History of the War in South Africa, II, London, 1902, facing p. 330.]

Belmont, a railway station in Cape Colony close to the western border of the Orange Free State, was the scene of an action fought on 23 November 1899 (in the opening stages of the Second South African or Boer War) between British troops under Lieut.-General Lord Methuen and a Boer force attempting to frustrate efforts to relieve the besieged diamond-producing town of Kimberley, 90 kilometres to the north. When Methuen marched out from the Orange River on 21 November, he had about 8,500 men and sixteen guns. Mounted patrols informed him that some 2,000 Boers were entrenched 30 kilometres ahead, atop a range of kopjes (small hills) dominating Belmont station from the east.

In response to this information, the next day Methuen marched his infantry to a farm situated about three kilometres to the south of the station and west of' the railway line. From here, he began reconnoitring the enemy position in preparation for an attack to sweep aside this blocking force. Among the mounted troops engaged in this effort was a small group of 29 members of the New South Wales Lancer Regiment under Lieut. S.F. Osborne, part of an advance element of 72 men on this unit which had arrived at Cape Town on 2 November. The remainder of the New South Wales contingent had been sent to sense with forces in the Colesberg area under Major-General john Drench, but Osborne's troop had been attached to tile 9th Lancers - which comprised the main element of, Methuen's limited force of cavalry - and while carrying out patrols became tile first Australian troop to come under fire during the Boer War.

Based on the information available to him Methuen decided to attack on 23 November and began moving his troops across the Great Karoo plain towards the enemy positions at 2 a.m., in preparation for an assault at first light. The ground held by the Boers was inherently strong for defence, comprising a succession of rocky ridges rising from 30 to 75 metres above the level of the surrounding plain. About 2,000 Boers were waiting in well-placed stone breastworks on each crest, supported by five guns. At about 4 a.m. the advancing British troops came under heavy fire and the fighting soon extended across an area of thirteen square kilometres.

The engagement ended with the Boers breaking off at about 7.30 a.m. and making an orderly retreat across the open veldt. About 70 were left behind as prisoners, 24 of whom were wounded; other Boer casualties were unknown, but reckoned at about 100 killed. Methuen was unable to disrupt the enemy withdrawal, both because the 900 cavalry and mounted infantry which he had was insufficient to mount a pursuit and also because the horses of his mounted units were too exhausted from their work prior to the battle. For this victory, his force had suffered 295 casualties (75 of whom were killed) the worst loss occurring among the Grenadier Guards, which lost 22 killed and 114 wounded; among the dead was Private Henry Schultze, a native of St Arnaud, Victoria, who had enlisted in this regular British regiment.

THE BATTLE OF BELMONT, 23rd November 1899—BAYONET ATTACK BY THE SCOTS AND GRENADIER GUARDS.

[Drawing by Frank Dodd, R.I.]

Extracted from the book produced by Chris Coulthard-Clark, Where Australians Fought - The Encyclopaedia of Australia's Battles, Allen and Unwin, Sydney, 1998, pp. 57-58.

Additional References cited by Chris Coulthard-Clark:

W. Baring Pemberton (1964) Battles of the Boer War, London.

B.T. Batsford; and, R. L. Wallace (1976) The Australians at the Boer War. Canberra: Australian War Memorial & Australian Government Publishing Service.

Further Reading:

507 Trooper Frederick Avard

The Fighting 28

Boer War - Battle of Belmont

Battles where Australians fought, 1899-1920

Citation: Belmont, South Africa, November 23, 1899

Posted by Project Leader at 11:01 PM EADT

Updated: Thursday, 2 April 2009 10:33 AM EADT

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Mafeking, South Africa, May 17, 1900
Topic: BatzB - Mafeking

Mafeking

South Africa, 17 May 1900

Mafeking, an action during the Second South African war, resulting in the lifting of the Boer siege of this town in north-western Cape Colony, opposite the western border of the Transvaal, on 17 May 1900. The town, defended by about 1,000 men under Lieut.-Colonel Robert Baden-Powell, had been invested by 5,000 Boers since 14 October 1899. The enemy's grip was finally broken when a flying column of cavalry and mounted infantry under Colonel Bryan Mahon covered the 380 kilometres north from the Vaal River in twelve days, riding past Boer forces to link up with another small force which had pushed south from Rhodesia to operate beyond the encircling Boer lines for the previous two months.

On 14 May the latter column, commanded by Colonel Henry Plumer, was reinforced at Sefetili by a battery of Canadian artillery which arrived after a forced march from Beira, escorted by 100 members of the 3rd Queensland Mounted Infantry (Bushmen) under Captain Charles Kellie. The next day Plumer's column was joined by Mahon at Jan Massibi's kraal (fenced enclosure), 32 kilometres west of Mafeking, and on 16 May this combined relief force met and defeated an opposing force of 2,000 Boers in a five-hour action near the Molopo River, north-west of the town. For most of this day's fighting the QMI men remained in the rear, having been assigned the unglamorous job of guarding the supply wagons. Late in the day, however, when the infantry was sent to clear the enemy from trenches near a farmhouse with the bayonet, they refused to be so constrained and-in defiance of their orders-joined in the assault.

As the British troops rose in extended order to make their final dash to the enemy lines 400 metres off', they heard fiendish yells like the sounds of a band of Red Indians from behind and bound the Queenslanders running alongside them as they completed the remaining distance. Although a stirring exhibition of brave spirit, the Australian Bushmen's wild rush had also been an act of folly. Whereas the British troops had been carefully advancing in bounds, making maximum use of cover, the Queenslanders had thrown caution to the winds and would have suffered accordingly if they had been attacking a more disciplined foe.

Losses in this action were minor on both sides (the British suffering seven killed and 24 wounded, the Boers reportedly one-third that total), but the victors were too exhausted to attempt a pursuit and bivouacked where they were. Later that night, after word arrived from the town that negligible enemy opposition remained to bar their progress, a party of volunteers was assembled and made a dash for Mafeking - only eight kilometres away - in advance of the main column. By 3.30 a.m. on 17 May the seven-month siege was broken, the task of relieving the town being completed at daybreak when the Boers were shelled out of their main camp with the loss of some wagons and a 9-pounder gun. News that Mafeking had been liberated prompted scenes of jubilation across the British empire.

Extracted from the book produced by Chris Coulthard-Clark, Where Australians Fought - The Encyclopaedia of Australia's Battles, Allen and Unwin, Sydney, 1998, p. 78.

Additional References cited by Chris Coulthard-Clark:

James Green (1903) The Story of the Australian Bushmen, Sydney: William Brooks & Co.

L.S. Amery, (ed.) The Times History of the War in South Africa 1899-1902, Vol. 4 (1906), London: Sampson Low, Marston & Co.

R.L. Wallace (1976) The Australians at the Boer War, Canberra: Australian War Memorial & Australian Government Publishing Service.

Further Reading:

Battles where Australians fought, 1899-1920

Citation: Mafeking, South Africa, May 17, 1900

Posted by Project Leader at 11:01 PM EADT

Updated: Sunday, 5 April 2009 4:45 PM EADT

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Australian Light Horse Order of Battle
Topic: AIF - DMC - Or Bat

Australian Light Horse

Order of Battle

The Charge at Beersheba painting by George Lambert

During the Middle East Campaign from 1916 to 1918, the Australian Light Horse evolved to meet the challenges presented by circumstances and combat. The first division that was formed containing the Australian Light Horse was the Anzac [Australian and New Zealand] Mounted Division created in April 1916. Initially it was anticipated that the mounted formations would embark for service in France until the General Officer Commanding the Egyptian forces, General Murray interceded to keep them in Egypt. Consequently only the 13th Light Horse Regiment and the 4th Light Horse Regiment “B” Squadron embarked for France. The remainder were formed into the Anzac Mounted Division.

The table below maps the transformation of this initial division as it was split into two divisions and the changes that occurred until the end of 1918. Each unit that formed part of the divisions is mapped on a linear basis. Where blank spaces occur, the unit that originally occupied the cell was no longer part of the division.

April 1916

Division Brigade Regiment

Australian and New Zealand Mounted Division

Australian and New Zealand Mounted Division Artillery

British 3rd (Territorial Force) Horse Artillery Brigade [8 x 18 pounders]

British Leicester Battery

British Somerset Battery

British 3rd Horse Artillery Brigade Ammunition Column

British 4th (Territorial Force) Horse Artillery Brigade [8 x 18 pounders]

British Inverness Battery

British Ayr Battery

British 4th Horse Artillery Brigade Ammunition Column

Anzac Mounted Division Engineers

Anzac Field Squadron

Anzac Signal Squadron

Anzac Mounted Division Medical Services

1st Light Horse Field Ambulance

2nd Light Horse Field Ambulance

3rd Light Horse Field Ambulance

New Zealand Mounted Field Ambulance

1st Light Horse Brigade

1st Light Horse Regiment

2nd Light Horse Regiment

3rd Light Horse Regiment

1st Signal Troop

2nd Light Horse Brigade

5th Light Horse Regiment

6th Light Horse Regiment

7th Light Horse Regiment

2nd Signal Troop

3rd Light Horse Brigade

8th Light Horse Regiment

9th Light Horse Regiment

10th Light Horse Regiment

3rd Signal Troop

New Zealand Mounted Rifles Brigade

New Zealand Auckland Mounted Rifles

New Zealand Canterbury, Wellington Mounted Rifles

New Zealand Wellington Mounted Rifles

New Zealand Mounted Rifles Signal Troop

Anzac Mounted Division Train

1st Supply Section

2nd Supply Section

3rd Supply Section

New Zealand Mounted Rifles Supply Section

Anzac Mounted Division Veterinary Services

6th Mobile Veterinary Section

7th Mobile Veterinary Section

8th Mobile Veterinary Section

New Zealand 2nd Mobile Veterinary Section

February 1917

Division Brigade Regiment

Australian and New Zealand Mounted Division

Australian and New Zealand Mounted Division Horse Artillery

British 3rd (Territorial Force) Horse Artillery Brigade [8 x 18 pounders]

British Leicester Battery

British Somerset Battery

British 3rd Horse Artillery Brigade Ammunition Column

British 4th (Territorial Force) Horse Artillery Brigade [8 x 18 pounders]

British Inverness Battery

British Ayr Battery

British 4th Horse Artillery Brigade Ammunition Column

Anzac Mounted Division Engineers

Anzac Field Squadron

Anzac Signal Squadron

Anzac Mounted Division Medical Services

1st Light Horse Field Ambulance

2nd Light Horse Field Ambulance

New Zealand Mounted Field Ambulance

British 22nd Mounted Field Ambulance

7th Sanitary Section

1st Light Horse Brigade

1st Light Horse Regiment

2nd Light Horse Regiment

3rd Light Horse Regiment

1st Machinegun Squadron [12 x Vickers machine guns]

1st Signal Troop

2nd Light Horse Brigade

5th Light Horse Regiment

6th Light Horse Regiment

7th Light Horse Regiment

2nd Machinegun Squadron [12 x Vickers machine guns]

2nd Signal Troop

New Zealand Mounted Rifles Brigade

New Zealand Auckland Mounted Rifles

New Zealand Canterbury, Wellington Mounted Rifles

New Zealand Wellington Mounted Rifles

New Zealand 1st Machinegun Squadron [12 x Vickers machine guns]

New Zealand Mounted Rifles Signal Troop

British 22nd Mounted Brigade

British 1/1 Staffordshire Yeomanry

British 1/1 Lincoln Yeomanry

British 1/1 East Riding Yeomanry

British 18th Machinegun Squadron [12 x Vickers machine guns]

British 22nd Mounted Brigade Signal Troop

Anzac Mounted Division Train

1st Supply Section

2nd Supply Section

New Zealand Mounted Rifles Supply Section

26th Depot Unit of Supply

Anzac Mounted Division Veterinary Services

6th Mobile Veterinary Section

7th Mobile Veterinary Section

New Zealand 2nd Mobile Veterinary Section

Imperial Mounted Division

Imperial Mounted Division Artillery

British 19th Horse Artillery Brigade [16 x 18 pounders]

1/1 Nottingham Battery

1/1 Berkshire Battery

A Battery, Honourable Artillery Company

B Battery, Honourable Artillery Company

British 19th Horse Artillery Brigade Ammunition Column

Imperial Mounted Division Engineers

Imperial Field Squadron Engineers

3rd Field Troop

4th Field Troop

British 6th Field Troop

British 7th Field Troop

Imperial Signal Squadron

Imperial Mounted Division Medical Services

3rd Light Horse Field Ambulance

4th Light Horse Field Ambulance

British 1/1 South Midlands Mounted Brigade Field Ambulance

British 1/2 South Midlands Mounted Brigade Field Ambulance

8th Sanitary Section

3rd Light Horse Brigade

8th Light Horse Regiment

9th Light Horse Regiment

10th Light Horse Regiment

3rd Machinegun Squadron [12 x Vickers machine guns]

3rd Signal Troop

4th Light Horse Brigade

4th Light Horse Regiment

11th Light Horse Regiment

12th Light Horse Regiment

4th Machinegun Squadron [12 x Vickers machine guns]

4th Signal Troop

British 5th Mounted Brigade

1/1 Warwickshire Yeomanry

1/1 Gloucester Hussars

1/1 Worcestershire Yeomanry

British 16th Machinegun Squadron [12 x Vickers machine guns]

British 6th Mounted Brigade

1/1 Royal Buckinghamshire Hussars

1/1 Queens Own Dorsetshire Yeomanry

1/1 Berkshire Yeomanry

British 17th Machinegun Squadron [Vickers machine guns]

Imperial Mounted Division Train

3rd Supply Section

4th Supply Section

27th Depot Unit of Supply

Imperial Mounted Division Veterinary Services

8th Mobile Veterinary Section

9th Mobile Veterinary Section

British 3/1 South Midlands Mobile Veterinary Section

British 4/1 South Midlands Mobile Veterinary Section

August 1917

Division Brigade Regiment

Australian and New Zealand Mounted Division

Australian and New Zealand Mounted Division Horse Artillery

British 3rd (Territorial Force) Horse Artillery Brigade [8 x 18 pounders]

British Leicester Battery

British Somerset Battery

British 3rd Horse Artillery Brigade Ammunition Column

British 4th (Territorial Force) Horse Artillery Brigade [8 x 18 pounders]

British Inverness Battery

British Ayr Battery

British 4th Horse Artillery Brigade Ammunition Column

Anzac Mounted Division Engineers

Anzac Field Squadron

Anzac Signal Squadron

Anzac Mounted Division Medical Services

1st Light Horse Field Ambulance

2nd Light Horse Field Ambulance

New Zealand Mounted Field Ambulance

British 22nd Mounted Field Ambulance

7th Sanitary Section

1st Light Horse Brigade

1st Light Horse Regiment

2nd Light Horse Regiment

3rd Light Horse Regiment

1st Machinegun Squadron [12 x Vickers machine guns]

1st Signal Troop

2nd Light Horse Brigade

5th Light Horse Regiment

6th Light Horse Regiment

7th Light Horse Regiment

2nd Machinegun Squadron [12 x Vickers machine guns]

2nd Signal Troop

New Zealand Mounted Rifles Brigade

New Zealand Auckland Mounted Rifles

New Zealand Canterbury, Wellington Mounted Rifles

New Zealand Wellington Mounted Rifles

New Zealand 1st Machinegun Squadron [12 x Vickers machine guns]

New Zealand Mounted Rifles Signal Troop

British 22nd Mounted Brigade

British 1/1 Staffordshire Yeomanry

British 1/1 Lincoln Yeomanry

British 1/1 East Riding Yeomanry

British 18th Machinegun Squadron [12 x Vickers machine guns]

British 22nd Mounted Brigade Signal Troop

Anzac Mounted Division Train

1st Supply Section

2nd Supply Section

New Zealand Mounted Rifles Supply Section

26th Depot Unit of Supply

Anzac Mounted Division Veterinary Services

6th Mobile Veterinary Section

7th Mobile Veterinary Section

New Zealand 2nd Mobile Veterinary Section

Australian Mounted Division

Australian Mounted Division Artillery

British 19th Horse Artillery Brigade [18 x 18 pounders]

1/1 Nottingham Battery

A Battery, Honourable Artillery Company

B Battery, Honourable Artillery Company

British 19th Horse Artillery Brigade Ammunition Column

Australian Mounted Division Engineers

2nd Field Squadron

3rd Field Troop

4th Field Troop

2nd Signal Squadron

Australian Mounted Division Medical Services

3rd Light Horse Field Ambulance

4th Light Horse Field Ambulance

British 1/1 South Midlands Mounted Brigade Field Ambulance

8th Sanitary Section

3rd Light Horse Brigade

8th Light Horse Regiment

9th Light Horse Regiment

10th Light Horse Regiment

3rd Machinegun Squadron [12 x Vickers machine guns]

3rd Signal Troop

4th Light Horse Brigade

4th Light Horse Regiment

11th Light Horse Regiment

12th Light Horse Regiment

4th Machinegun Squadron [12 x Vickers machine guns]

4th Signal Troop

British 5th Mounted Brigade

1/1 Warwickshire Yeomanry

1/1 Gloucester Hussars

1/1 Worcestershire Yeomanry

British 16th Machinegun Squadron [12 x Vickers machine guns]

British 6th Signal Troop

Australian Mounted Division Train

35th Australian Army Service Corps Company

36th Australian Army Service Corps Company

37th Australian Army Service Corps Company

38th Australian Army Service Corps Company

27th Depot Unit of Supply

Australian Mounted Division Veterinary Services

8th Mobile Veterinary Section

9th Mobile Veterinary Section

British 3/1 South Midlands Mobile Veterinary Section

February 1918

Division Brigade Regiment

Australian and New Zealand Mounted Division

Anzac Mounted Division Artillery

British 18th Horse Artillery Brigade [18 x 13 pounders]

British Somerset Battery

British Inverness Battery

British Ayr Battery

British 18th Horse Artillery Brigade Ammunition Column

Anzac Mounted Division Engineers

1st Field Squadron

1st Signal Squadron

Anzac Mounted Division Medical Services

1st Light Horse Field Ambulance

2nd Light Horse Field Ambulance

New Zealand Mounted Field Ambulance

7th Sanitary Section

1st Light Horse Brigade

1st Light Horse Regiment

2nd Light Horse Regiment

3rd Light Horse Regiment

1st Machinegun Squadron [12 x Vickers machine guns]

1st Signal Troop

2nd Light Horse Brigade

5th Light Horse Regiment

6th Light Horse Regiment

7th Light Horse Regiment

2nd Machinegun Squadron [12 x Vickers machine guns]

2nd Signal Troop

New Zealand Mounted Rifles Brigade

New Zealand Auckland Mounted Rifles

New Zealand Canterbury, Wellington Mounted Rifles

New Zealand Wellington Mounted Rifles

New Zealand 1st Machinegun Squadron [12 x Vickers machine guns]

New Zealand Mounted Rifles Signal Troop

Anzac Mounted Division Train

32nd Australian Army Service Corps Company

33rd Australian Army Service Corps Company

34th Australian Army Service Corps Company

5th New Zealand Army Service Corps Company

26th Depot Unit of Supply

Anzac Mounted Division Veterinary Services

6th Mobile Veterinary Section

7th Mobile Veterinary Section

New Zealand 2nd Mobile Veterinary Section

Australian Mounted Division

Australian Mounted Division Artillery

British 19th Horse Artillery Brigade [18 x 18 pounders]

1/1 Nottingham Battery

A Battery, Honourable Artillery Company

B Battery, Honourable Artillery Company

British 19th Horse Artillery Brigade Ammunition Column

Australian Mounted Division Engineers

2nd Field Squadron

3rd Field Troop

4th Field Troop

2nd Signal Squadron

Australian Mounted Division Medical Services

3rd Light Horse Field Ambulance

4th Light Horse Field Ambulance

British 1/1 South Midlands Mounted Brigade Field Ambulance

8th Sanitary Section

3rd Light Horse Brigade

8th Light Horse Regiment

9th Light Horse Regiment

10th Light Horse Regiment

3rd Machinegun Squadron [12 x Vickers machine guns]

3rd Signal Troop

4th Light Horse Brigade

4th Light Horse Regiment

11th Light Horse Regiment

12th Light Horse Regiment

4th Machinegun Squadron [12 x Vickers machine guns]

4th Signal Troop

British 5th Mounted Brigade

1/1 Warwickshire Yeomanry

1/1 Gloucester Hussars

1/1 Worcestershire Yeomanry

British 16th Machinegun Squadron [12 x Vickers machine guns]

British 6th Signal Troop

Australian Mounted Division Train

35th Australian Army Service Corps Company

36th Australian Army Service Corps Company

37th Australian Army Service Corps Company

38th Australian Army Service Corps Company

27th Depot Unit of Supply

Australian Mounted Division Veterinary Services

8th Mobile Veterinary Section

9th Mobile Veterinary Section

British 3/1 South Midlands Mobile Veterinary Section

July 1918

Division Brigade Regiment

Australian and New Zealand Mounted Division

Anzac Mounted Division Artillery

British 18th Horse Artillery Brigade [18 x 13 pounders]

British Somerset Battery

British Inverness Battery

British Ayr Battery

British 18th Horse Artillery Brigade Ammunition Column

Anzac Mounted Division Engineers

1st Field Squadron

1st Signal Squadron

Anzac Mounted Division Medical Services

1st Light Horse Field Ambulance

2nd Light Horse Field Ambulance

New Zealand Mounted Field Ambulance

7th Sanitary Section

1st Light Horse Brigade

1st Light Horse Regiment

2nd Light Horse Regiment

3rd Light Horse Regiment

1st Machinegun Squadron [12 x Vickers machine guns]

1st Signal Troop

2nd Light Horse Brigade

5th Light Horse Regiment

6th Light Horse Regiment

7th Light Horse Regiment

2nd Machinegun Squadron [12 x Vickers machine guns]

2nd Signal Troop

New Zealand Mounted Rifles Brigade

New Zealand Auckland Mounted Rifles

New Zealand Canterbury, Wellington Mounted Rifles

New Zealand Wellington Mounted Rifles

New Zealand 1st Machinegun Squadron [12 x Vickers machine guns]

New Zealand Mounted Rifles Signal Troop

Anzac Mounted Division Train

32nd Australian Army Service Corps Company

33rd Australian Army Service Corps Company

34th Australian Army Service Corps Company

5th New Zealand Army Service Corps Company

26th Depot Unit of Supply

Anzac Mounted Division Veterinary Services

6th Mobile Veterinary Section

7th Mobile Veterinary Section

New Zealand 2nd Mobile Veterinary Section

Australian Mounted Division

Australian Mounted Division Artillery

British 19th Horse Artillery Brigade [18 x 18 pounders]

1/1 Nottingham Battery

A Battery, Honourable Artillery Company

B Battery, Honourable Artillery Company

British 19th Horse Artillery Brigade Ammunition Column

Australian Mounted Division Engineers

2nd Field Squadron

3rd Field Troop

4th Field Troop

2nd Signal Squadron

Australian Mounted Division Medical Services

3rd Light Horse Field Ambulance

4th Light Horse Field Ambulance

5th Light Horse Field Ambulance

8th Sanitary Section

3rd Light Horse Brigade

8th Light Horse Regiment

9th Light Horse Regiment

10th Light Horse Regiment

3rd Machinegun Squadron [12 x Vickers machine guns]

3rd Signal Troop

4th Light Horse Brigade

4th Light Horse Regiment

11th Light Horse Regiment

12th Light Horse Regiment

4th Machinegun Squadron [12 x Vickers machine guns]

4th Signal Troop

5th Light Horse Brigade

14th Light Horse Regiment

15th Light Horse Regiment

French 1er Regiment Mixte de Cavalerie Du Lavant

New Zealand 2nd Machine Gun Squadron [12 x Vickers machine guns]

5th Signal Troop

Australian Mounted Division Train

35th Australian Army Service Corps Company

36th Australian Army Service Corps Company

37th Australian Army Service Corps Company

38th Australian Army Service Corps Company

27th Depot Unit of Supply

Australian Mounted Division Veterinary Services

8th Mobile Veterinary Section

9th Mobile Veterinary Section

10th Mobile Veterinary Section

Further Reading:

Australian Light Horse Order of Battle - Outline

The Australian Light Horse - Structure

Citation: Australian Light Horse Order of Battle

Posted by Project Leader at 11:01 PM EADT

Updated: Monday, 30 March 2009 4:46 PM EADT

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Baghdad, Mesopatomia, March 11, 1917
Topic: BatzM - Baghdad

Baghdad

Mesopotamia, 11 March 1917

British troops enter Baghdad.

Baghdad, the action in Mesopotamia (present day Iraq) which resulted in the capture of this city from the Turks by British forces under Lieut.-General Sir Stanley Maude on I1 March 1917. On 5 March Maude advanced from Aziziyeh, on the Tigris River 80 kilometres south-east of Baghdad, with his two Army Corps (each of two infantry divisions) and an Indian cavalry division of two brigades. Strong Turkish resistance was encountered at the Diala River, which flowed into the Tigris from the north-east, but by 10 March the British had bridged that obstacle, whereupon the enemy abandoned the city and enabled its occupation the next day.

Mesopotamia campaign.

Australian involvement in this operation was as members of the 1st (Anzac) Wireless Signal Squadron, a unit then two-thirds Australian and one-third from New Zealand. The squadron provided twelve mobile transmitting stations throughout the force, and during the march into Baghdad those operating with the cavalry were among the first troops into the city. Over the next few days two Anzac stations continued to provide Maude's primary communications hack to Basra, the main British base on the Persian Gulf.

After years of neglect and antipathy, a British War Cemetery in Baghdad.

Extracted from the book produced by Chris Coulthard-Clark, Where Australians Fought - The Encyclopaedia of Australia's Battles, Allen and Unwin, Sydney, 1998, pp. 122-123.

Additional References cited by Chris Coulthard-Clark:

Keast Burke (ed.), (1927), With Horse and Morse in Mesopotamia, Sydney: A&NZ Wireless Signal Squadron History Committee.

Further Reading:

Battles where Australians fought, 1899-1920

Citation: Baghdad, Mesopotamia, March 11, 1917

Posted by Project Leader at 11:01 PM EADT

Updated: Sunday, 5 April 2009 12:58 PM EADT

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A note on copyright

The Australian Light Horse Studies Centre is a not for profit and non profit group whose sole aim is to write the early history of the Australian Light Horse from 1900 - 1920. It is privately funded and the information is provided by the individuals within the group and while permission for the use of the material has been given for this site for these items by various donors, the residual and actual copyright for these items, should there be any, resides exclusively with the donors. The information on this site is freely available for private research use only and if used as such, should be appropriately acknowledged. To assist in this process, each item has a citation attached at the bottom for referencing purposes.

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The Australian Light Horse Studies Centre has made every endeavour to contact copyright holders of material digitised for this blog and website and where appropriate, permission is still being sought for these items. Where replies were not received, or where the copyright owner has not been able to be traced, or where the permission is still being sought, the Australian Light Horse Studies Centre has decided, in good faith, to proceed with digitisation and publication. Australian Light Horse Studies Centre would be happy to hear from copyright owners at any time to discuss usage of this item.

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«	March 2009					»

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April 1916
Division	Brigade	Regiment
Australian and New Zealand Mounted Division
Australian and New Zealand Mounted Division Artillery
	British 3rd (Territorial Force) Horse Artillery Brigade [8 x 18 pounders]
		British Leicester Battery
		British Somerset Battery
	British 3rd Horse Artillery Brigade Ammunition Column
	British 4th (Territorial Force) Horse Artillery Brigade [8 x 18 pounders]
		British Inverness Battery
		British Ayr Battery
	British 4th Horse Artillery Brigade Ammunition Column
Anzac Mounted Division Engineers
	Anzac Field Squadron
	Anzac Signal Squadron
Anzac Mounted Division Medical Services
	1st Light Horse Field Ambulance
	2nd Light Horse Field Ambulance
	3rd Light Horse Field Ambulance
	New Zealand Mounted Field Ambulance


	1st Light Horse Brigade
		1st Light Horse Regiment
		2nd Light Horse Regiment
		3rd Light Horse Regiment

	1st Signal Troop
	2nd Light Horse Brigade
		5th Light Horse Regiment
		6th Light Horse Regiment
		7th Light Horse Regiment

	2nd Signal Troop
	3rd Light Horse Brigade
		8th Light Horse Regiment
		9th Light Horse Regiment
		10th Light Horse Regiment
	3rd Signal Troop
	New Zealand Mounted Rifles Brigade
		New Zealand Auckland Mounted Rifles
		New Zealand Canterbury, Wellington Mounted Rifles
		New Zealand Wellington Mounted Rifles

	New Zealand Mounted Rifles Signal Troop






Anzac Mounted Division Train
	1st Supply Section
	2nd Supply Section
	3rd Supply Section
	New Zealand Mounted Rifles Supply Section

Anzac Mounted Division Veterinary Services
	6th Mobile Veterinary Section
	7th Mobile Veterinary Section
	8th Mobile Veterinary Section
	New Zealand 2nd Mobile Veterinary Section

February 1917
Division	Brigade	Regiment
Australian and New Zealand Mounted Division
Australian and New Zealand Mounted Division Horse Artillery
	British 3rd (Territorial Force) Horse Artillery Brigade [8 x 18 pounders]
		British Leicester Battery
		British Somerset Battery
	British 3rd Horse Artillery Brigade Ammunition Column
	British 4th (Territorial Force) Horse Artillery Brigade [8 x 18 pounders]
		British Inverness Battery
		British Ayr Battery
	British 4th Horse Artillery Brigade Ammunition Column
Anzac Mounted Division Engineers
	Anzac Field Squadron
	Anzac Signal Squadron
Anzac Mounted Division Medical Services
	1st Light Horse Field Ambulance
	2nd Light Horse Field Ambulance

	New Zealand Mounted Field Ambulance
	British 22nd Mounted Field Ambulance
7th Sanitary Section
	1st Light Horse Brigade
		1st Light Horse Regiment
		2nd Light Horse Regiment
		3rd Light Horse Regiment
	1st Machinegun Squadron [12 x Vickers machine guns]
	1st Signal Troop
	2nd Light Horse Brigade
		5th Light Horse Regiment
		6th Light Horse Regiment
		7th Light Horse Regiment
	2nd Machinegun Squadron [12 x Vickers machine guns]
	2nd Signal Troop





	New Zealand Mounted Rifles Brigade
		New Zealand Auckland Mounted Rifles
		New Zealand Canterbury, Wellington Mounted Rifles
		New Zealand Wellington Mounted Rifles
	New Zealand 1st Machinegun Squadron [12 x Vickers machine guns]
	New Zealand Mounted Rifles Signal Troop
	British 22nd Mounted Brigade
		British 1/1 Staffordshire Yeomanry
		British 1/1 Lincoln Yeomanry
		British 1/1 East Riding Yeomanry
	British 18th Machinegun Squadron [12 x Vickers machine guns]
	British 22nd Mounted Brigade Signal Troop
Anzac Mounted Division Train
	1st Supply Section
	2nd Supply Section

	New Zealand Mounted Rifles Supply Section
	26th Depot Unit of Supply
Anzac Mounted Division Veterinary Services
	6th Mobile Veterinary Section
	7th Mobile Veterinary Section

	New Zealand 2nd Mobile Veterinary Section

Imperial Mounted Division
Imperial Mounted Division Artillery
	British 19th Horse Artillery Brigade [16 x 18 pounders]
		1/1 Nottingham Battery
		1/1 Berkshire Battery
		A Battery, Honourable Artillery Company
		B Battery, Honourable Artillery Company
		British 19th Horse Artillery Brigade Ammunition Column
Imperial Mounted Division Engineers
	Imperial Field Squadron Engineers
		3rd Field Troop
		4th Field Troop
		British 6th Field Troop
		British 7th Field Troop
	Imperial Signal Squadron
Imperial Mounted Division Medical Services
	3rd Light Horse Field Ambulance
	4th Light Horse Field Ambulance

	British 1/1 South Midlands Mounted Brigade Field Ambulance
	British 1/2 South Midlands Mounted Brigade Field Ambulance
8th Sanitary Section
	3rd Light Horse Brigade
		8th Light Horse Regiment
		9th Light Horse Regiment
		10th Light Horse Regiment
	3rd Machinegun Squadron [12 x Vickers machine guns]
	3rd Signal Troop
	4th Light Horse Brigade
		4th Light Horse Regiment
		11th Light Horse Regiment
		12th Light Horse Regiment
	4th Machinegun Squadron [12 x Vickers machine guns]
	4th Signal Troop






	British 5th Mounted Brigade
		1/1 Warwickshire Yeomanry
		1/1 Gloucester Hussars
		1/1 Worcestershire Yeomanry
	British 16th Machinegun Squadron [12 x Vickers machine guns]
	British 6th Mounted Brigade
		1/1 Royal Buckinghamshire Hussars
		1/1 Queens Own Dorsetshire Yeomanry
		1/1 Berkshire Yeomanry
	British 17th Machinegun Squadron [Vickers machine guns]
Imperial Mounted Division Train
	3rd Supply Section
	4th Supply Section


	27th Depot Unit of Supply
Imperial Mounted Division Veterinary Services
	8th Mobile Veterinary Section
	9th Mobile Veterinary Section
	British 3/1 South Midlands Mobile Veterinary Section
	British 4/1 South Midlands Mobile Veterinary Section

August 1917
Division	Brigade	Regiment
Australian and New Zealand Mounted Division
Australian and New Zealand Mounted Division Horse Artillery
	British 3rd (Territorial Force) Horse Artillery Brigade [8 x 18 pounders]
		British Leicester Battery
		British Somerset Battery
	British 3rd Horse Artillery Brigade Ammunition Column
	British 4th (Territorial Force) Horse Artillery Brigade [8 x 18 pounders]
		British Inverness Battery
		British Ayr Battery
	British 4th Horse Artillery Brigade Ammunition Column
Anzac Mounted Division Engineers
	Anzac Field Squadron
	Anzac Signal Squadron
Anzac Mounted Division Medical Services
	1st Light Horse Field Ambulance
	2nd Light Horse Field Ambulance

	New Zealand Mounted Field Ambulance
	British 22nd Mounted Field Ambulance
7th Sanitary Section
	1st Light Horse Brigade
		1st Light Horse Regiment
		2nd Light Horse Regiment
		3rd Light Horse Regiment
	1st Machinegun Squadron [12 x Vickers machine guns]
	1st Signal Troop
	2nd Light Horse Brigade
		5th Light Horse Regiment
		6th Light Horse Regiment
		7th Light Horse Regiment
	2nd Machinegun Squadron [12 x Vickers machine guns]
	2nd Signal Troop





	New Zealand Mounted Rifles Brigade
		New Zealand Auckland Mounted Rifles
		New Zealand Canterbury, Wellington Mounted Rifles
		New Zealand Wellington Mounted Rifles
	New Zealand 1st Machinegun Squadron [12 x Vickers machine guns]
	New Zealand Mounted Rifles Signal Troop
	British 22nd Mounted Brigade
		British 1/1 Staffordshire Yeomanry
		British 1/1 Lincoln Yeomanry
		British 1/1 East Riding Yeomanry
	British 18th Machinegun Squadron [12 x Vickers machine guns]
	British 22nd Mounted Brigade Signal Troop
Anzac Mounted Division Train
	1st Supply Section
	2nd Supply Section

	New Zealand Mounted Rifles Supply Section
	26th Depot Unit of Supply
Anzac Mounted Division Veterinary Services
	6th Mobile Veterinary Section
	7th Mobile Veterinary Section

	New Zealand 2nd Mobile Veterinary Section

Australian Mounted Division
Australian Mounted Division Artillery
	British 19th Horse Artillery Brigade [18 x 18 pounders]
		1/1 Nottingham Battery

		A Battery, Honourable Artillery Company
		B Battery, Honourable Artillery Company
		British 19th Horse Artillery Brigade Ammunition Column
Australian Mounted Division Engineers
	2nd Field Squadron
		3rd Field Troop
		4th Field Troop


	2nd Signal Squadron
Australian Mounted Division Medical Services
	3rd Light Horse Field Ambulance
	4th Light Horse Field Ambulance

	British 1/1 South Midlands Mounted Brigade Field Ambulance

8th Sanitary Section
	3rd Light Horse Brigade
		8th Light Horse Regiment
		9th Light Horse Regiment
		10th Light Horse Regiment
	3rd Machinegun Squadron [12 x Vickers machine guns]
	3rd Signal Troop
	4th Light Horse Brigade
		4th Light Horse Regiment
		11th Light Horse Regiment
		12th Light Horse Regiment
	4th Machinegun Squadron [12 x Vickers machine guns]
	4th Signal Troop






	British 5th Mounted Brigade
		1/1 Warwickshire Yeomanry
		1/1 Gloucester Hussars
		1/1 Worcestershire Yeomanry
	British 16th Machinegun Squadron [12 x Vickers machine guns]
	British 6th Signal Troop




Australian Mounted Division Train
	35th Australian Army Service Corps Company
	36th Australian Army Service Corps Company
	37th Australian Army Service Corps Company
	38th Australian Army Service Corps Company
	27th Depot Unit of Supply
Australian Mounted Division Veterinary Services
	8th Mobile Veterinary Section
	9th Mobile Veterinary Section
	British 3/1 South Midlands Mobile Veterinary Section


February 1918
Division	Brigade	Regiment
Australian and New Zealand Mounted Division
Anzac Mounted Division Artillery
	British 18th Horse Artillery Brigade [18 x 13 pounders]

		British Somerset Battery


		British Inverness Battery
		British Ayr Battery
	British 18th Horse Artillery Brigade Ammunition Column
Anzac Mounted Division Engineers
	1st Field Squadron
	1st Signal Squadron
Anzac Mounted Division Medical Services
	1st Light Horse Field Ambulance
	2nd Light Horse Field Ambulance

	New Zealand Mounted Field Ambulance

7th Sanitary Section
	1st Light Horse Brigade
		1st Light Horse Regiment
		2nd Light Horse Regiment
		3rd Light Horse Regiment
	1st Machinegun Squadron [12 x Vickers machine guns]
	1st Signal Troop
	2nd Light Horse Brigade
		5th Light Horse Regiment
		6th Light Horse Regiment
		7th Light Horse Regiment
	2nd Machinegun Squadron [12 x Vickers machine guns]
	2nd Signal Troop





	New Zealand Mounted Rifles Brigade
		New Zealand Auckland Mounted Rifles
		New Zealand Canterbury, Wellington Mounted Rifles
		New Zealand Wellington Mounted Rifles
	New Zealand 1st Machinegun Squadron [12 x Vickers machine guns]
	New Zealand Mounted Rifles Signal Troop






Anzac Mounted Division Train
	32nd Australian Army Service Corps Company
	33rd Australian Army Service Corps Company
	34th Australian Army Service Corps Company
	5th New Zealand Army Service Corps Company
	26th Depot Unit of Supply
Anzac Mounted Division Veterinary Services
	6th Mobile Veterinary Section
	7th Mobile Veterinary Section

	New Zealand 2nd Mobile Veterinary Section

Australian Mounted Division
Australian Mounted Division Artillery
	British 19th Horse Artillery Brigade [18 x 18 pounders]
		1/1 Nottingham Battery

		A Battery, Honourable Artillery Company
		B Battery, Honourable Artillery Company
		British 19th Horse Artillery Brigade Ammunition Column
Australian Mounted Division Engineers
	2nd Field Squadron
		3rd Field Troop
		4th Field Troop


	2nd Signal Squadron
Australian Mounted Division Medical Services
	3rd Light Horse Field Ambulance
	4th Light Horse Field Ambulance

	British 1/1 South Midlands Mounted Brigade Field Ambulance

8th Sanitary Section
	3rd Light Horse Brigade
		8th Light Horse Regiment
		9th Light Horse Regiment
		10th Light Horse Regiment
	3rd Machinegun Squadron [12 x Vickers machine guns]
	3rd Signal Troop
	4th Light Horse Brigade
		4th Light Horse Regiment
		11th Light Horse Regiment
		12th Light Horse Regiment
	4th Machinegun Squadron [12 x Vickers machine guns]
	4th Signal Troop






	British 5th Mounted Brigade
		1/1 Warwickshire Yeomanry
		1/1 Gloucester Hussars
		1/1 Worcestershire Yeomanry
	British 16th Machinegun Squadron [12 x Vickers machine guns]
	British 6th Signal Troop




Australian Mounted Division Train
	35th Australian Army Service Corps Company
	36th Australian Army Service Corps Company
	37th Australian Army Service Corps Company
	38th Australian Army Service Corps Company
	27th Depot Unit of Supply
Australian Mounted Division Veterinary Services
	8th Mobile Veterinary Section
	9th Mobile Veterinary Section
	British 3/1 South Midlands Mobile Veterinary Section


July 1918
Division	Brigade	Regiment
Australian and New Zealand Mounted Division
Anzac Mounted Division Artillery
	British 18th Horse Artillery Brigade [18 x 13 pounders]

		British Somerset Battery


		British Inverness Battery
		British Ayr Battery
	British 18th Horse Artillery Brigade Ammunition Column
Anzac Mounted Division Engineers
	1st Field Squadron
	1st Signal Squadron
Anzac Mounted Division Medical Services
	1st Light Horse Field Ambulance
	2nd Light Horse Field Ambulance

	New Zealand Mounted Field Ambulance

7th Sanitary Section
	1st Light Horse Brigade
		1st Light Horse Regiment
		2nd Light Horse Regiment
		3rd Light Horse Regiment
	1st Machinegun Squadron [12 x Vickers machine guns]
	1st Signal Troop
	2nd Light Horse Brigade
		5th Light Horse Regiment
		6th Light Horse Regiment
		7th Light Horse Regiment
	2nd Machinegun Squadron [12 x Vickers machine guns]
	2nd Signal Troop





	New Zealand Mounted Rifles Brigade
		New Zealand Auckland Mounted Rifles
		New Zealand Canterbury, Wellington Mounted Rifles
		New Zealand Wellington Mounted Rifles
	New Zealand 1st Machinegun Squadron [12 x Vickers machine guns]
	New Zealand Mounted Rifles Signal Troop






Anzac Mounted Division Train
	32nd Australian Army Service Corps Company
	33rd Australian Army Service Corps Company
	34th Australian Army Service Corps Company
	5th New Zealand Army Service Corps Company
	26th Depot Unit of Supply
Anzac Mounted Division Veterinary Services
	6th Mobile Veterinary Section
	7th Mobile Veterinary Section

	New Zealand 2nd Mobile Veterinary Section

Australian Mounted Division
Australian Mounted Division Artillery
	British 19th Horse Artillery Brigade [18 x 18 pounders]
		1/1 Nottingham Battery

		A Battery, Honourable Artillery Company
		B Battery, Honourable Artillery Company
		British 19th Horse Artillery Brigade Ammunition Column
Australian Mounted Division Engineers
	2nd Field Squadron
		3rd Field Troop
		4th Field Troop


	2nd Signal Squadron
Australian Mounted Division Medical Services
	3rd Light Horse Field Ambulance
	4th Light Horse Field Ambulance
	5th Light Horse Field Ambulance


8th Sanitary Section
	3rd Light Horse Brigade
		8th Light Horse Regiment
		9th Light Horse Regiment
		10th Light Horse Regiment
	3rd Machinegun Squadron [12 x Vickers machine guns]
	3rd Signal Troop
	4th Light Horse Brigade
		4th Light Horse Regiment
		11th Light Horse Regiment
		12th Light Horse Regiment
	4th Machinegun Squadron [12 x Vickers machine guns]
	4th Signal Troop
	5th Light Horse Brigade
		14th Light Horse Regiment
		15th Light Horse Regiment
		French 1er Regiment Mixte de Cavalerie Du Lavant
	New Zealand 2nd Machine Gun Squadron [12 x Vickers machine guns]
	5th Signal Troop










Australian Mounted Division Train
	35th Australian Army Service Corps Company
	36th Australian Army Service Corps Company
	37th Australian Army Service Corps Company
	38th Australian Army Service Corps Company
	27th Depot Unit of Supply
Australian Mounted Division Veterinary Services
	8th Mobile Veterinary Section
	9th Mobile Veterinary Section
	10th Mobile Veterinary Section