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"At a mile distant their thousand hooves were stuttering thunder, coming at a rate that frightened a man - they were an awe inspiring sight, galloping through the red haze - knee to knee and horse to horse - the dying sun glinting on bayonet points..." Trooper Ion Idriess

The Australian Light Horse Studies Centre aims to present an accurate history as chroniclers of early Australian military developments from 1899 to 1920.

The Australian Light Horse Studies Centre site holds over 12,000 entries and is growing daily.

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Tuesday, 10 November 2009
1st Australian Light Horse Brigade, Outline
Topic: AIF - 1B - 1 LHB

1st LH Bde, AIF

1st Australian Light Horse Brigade

Outline

 

1st Light Horse Brigade Colour Patch

 

Outline of the 1st Australian Light Horse Brigade, AIF

Formed in August 1914 as part of the 1st Contingent and attached to the Australian Division, the 1st Light Horse Brigade was made up of Light Horsemen from four different states. This was the only Brigade recruited from a majority of men drawn immediately from the Militia formations within the various states. The Regiments included:

 



1st Australian Light Horse Regiment

This Regiment was recruited exclusively from New South Wales. "A" Squadron recruited mainly from 5th Light Horse Regiment (31 men) and 6th Light Horse Regiment (59 men).

"B" Squadron recruited mainly from 7th Light Horse Regiment (41 men) and 11th Light Horse Regiment (62 men).

"C" Squadron recruited mainly from 9th Light Horse Regiment (49 men).

 



2nd Australian Light Horse Regiment

This Regiment was recruited exclusively from Queensland. 

"A" Squadron recruited mainly from 2nd Light Horse Regiment (50 men).

"B" Squadron recruited mainly from 3rd Light Horse Regiment (34 men).

"C" Squadron recruited mainly from 4th Light Horse Regiment (64 men) and 27th Light Horse Regiment (30 men).

 



3rd Australian Light Horse Regiment

This Regiment was recruited from South Australia which contributed two squadrons and Tasmania providing the last squadron. 

"A" Squadron recruited mainly from the 23rd Light Horse Regiment region.

"B" Squadron recruited mainly from 24th Light Horse Regiment region.

"C" Squadron recruited exclusively from the 26th Light Horse Regiment region within Tasmania.

 





1st Signal Troop

The 1st Signal Troop was composed exclusively from Victorians from the Militia 10th and 21st Signal Troops.

 



1st Light Horse Field Ambulance

The 1st Light Horse Field Ambulance was formed with two sections: "A" Section recruited in Melbourne which included some 20 students from the Richmond Agricultural College; and, "B" Section recruited in Sydney and composed to a greater extent by Militia members from the 28th Light Horse Field Ambulance.

 

 

 

1st Light Horse Brigade Train

The 1st Light Horse Brigade Train was primarily recruited around Brisbane and trained at Enoggera. After Gallipoli, this unit underwent some name changes from 1st Supply Section in February 1916 to 32nd Australian Army Service Corps Company in February 1917.

 



6th Mobile Veterinary Section

After the formation of the Anzac Mounted Division, the three individual Regimental Veterinary sections were brigaded to form the 6th Mobile Veterinanry Section.

 



1st Light Horse Machine Gun Squadron

In July 1916, all Regimental Machine Gun Sections were to be excised and brigaded to form a Machine Gun Squadron. The 1st, 2nd and 3rd Machine Gun Sections were combined to form the 1st Machine Gun Squadron under the command of the Brigade.

 

 

 

Artillery

Artillery support was provided for the 1st Light Horse Brigade from British batteries. The first British battery attached to the Brigade was the 3rd (Territorial Force) Horse Artillery Brigade, Leicester Battery. This battery remained until the re-organisation of February 1918 when the Leicester Battery was replaced by the British 18th Royal Horse Artillery Brigade, Somerset Battery

 

1st Light Horse Training Regiment

Formed in Egypt during March 1916, this unit trained incoming reinforcements while allowing the wounded and sick a place to recover before returning to active service. The Training Regiment contained three squadrons, each duplicating the Regiments within the Brigade to whom it supplied the reinforcements. The Training Regiment was disbanded in July 1918 to be replaced by the Anzac Light Horse Training Regiment when recruits were no longer tied to a Regiment but placed in a general pool of reinforcements called the General Service Reinforcements.

 

1st Light Horse Double Squadron

Formed Egypt 6 July 1916 from 1st Light Horse Brigade reinforcements. It was officered and administered by the 1st Light Horse Brigade. This Double Squadron was broken up in November 1916 with the men being transferred to the newly formed Imperial Camel Corps Battalions.

 

Embarkation

The Brigade embarked to Egypt during the months of September and October 1914. In Egypt additional training occurred at the Mena Camp.

See: Troop transport ships for information and photographs about the various ships employed in transporting the troops to Egypt.

 

Colour Patch

To assist with identification of the various units within the AIF, Divisional Order No 81 (A) Administration was issued at Mena on 8 March 1915 detailing the Colour Patch for the 1st Light Horse Brigade as others received their colours. The colour patch was made of cloth 1¼ inches wide and 2¾ inches long and worn on the sleeve one inch below the shoulder seam. The colour patch for the 1st Light Horse Brigade was plain white.

 

1st Light Horse Brigade Colour Patch

 

The individual units attached to the 1st Light Horse Brigade carried the white colour as a lower triangular part of the colour patch, the unit itself having their colour on the top. This is illustrated with the above description about each individual unit.

 

Commanders

Brigadier General Henry “Harry” George Chauvel  15 August 1914 to 6 November 1915.

Brigadier General Charles Frederick Cox 6 November 1915 to 13 March 1919.

 

Attachments

Formed Australia August 1914.

Attached to the New Zealand and Australian Division from December 1914 to April 1915. Attachment ceased on the Division's deployment to Gallipoli.

Attached to the New Zealand and Australian Division at Gallipoli from May 1915 to February 1916.

Attached to the Anzac Mounted Division March 1916 until March 1919.

 

Campaigns

Egypt:

Gallipoli:

  • Defence of Anzac; and, 
  • Withdrawal from Anzac.

Sinai:

Palestine:

  • First Battle of Gaza;
  • Second Battle of Gaza;
  • Third Battle of Gaza;
  • Beersheba;
  • Jerusalem;
  • Jericho;
  • Es Salt;
  • Megiddo; and,
  • Amman 


Disbandment

The Brigade returned to Australia in March 1919. As each Regiment arrived in the specific home port, they were disbanded.

 

Embarkations:

The following list details all the embarkations in support of the 1st Light Horse Brigade, AIF, during the Great War. Each entry details the individual soldier's: rank on embarkation; full name; Declared age; last occupation held; last address as a civilian; enlistment Date; and, ultimate fate. Each man is linked to a brief military biography where ever possible. One interesting point is that many of the men listed in the embarkation roll for the 1st Light Horse Brigade ended up in a different unit altogether. This list details the men's starting point in the AIF.

 

Brigade Headquarters Section

Melbourne, Victoria on board HMAT A3 Orvieto 21 October 1914

5th Company Army Service Corps

Brisbane, Queensland on board HMAT A5 Omrah 24 September 1914

1st Reinforcement

Melbourne, Victoria on board HMAT A30 Borda 22 December 1914

2nd Reinforcement

Sydney, New South Wales on board HMAT A54 Runic 12 February 1915

3rd Reinforcement

Sydney, New South Wales on board HMAT A54 Runic 12 February 1915

4th Reinforcement

Brisbane, Queensland on board HMAT A15 Star Of England 8 April 1915

5th Reinforcement

Brisbane, Queensland on board HMAT A55 Kyarra 16 April 1915

6th Reinforcement

Brisbane, Queensland on board HMAT A7 Medic 2 June 1915

7th Reinforcement

Sydney, New South Wales on board HMAT A21 Marere 16 August 1915

8th Reinforcement

Sydney, New South Wales on board HMAT A54 Runic 9 August 1915

9th Reinforcement

Sydney, New South Wales on board HMAT A8 Argyllshire 30 September 1915

10th Reinforcement

Sydney, New South Wales on board HMAT A69 Warilda 8 October 1915

11th Reinforcement

Sydney, New South Wales on board HMAT A14 Euripides 2 November 1915

12th Reinforcement

Sydney, New South Wales on board HMAT A37 Barambah 4 December 1915

13th Reinforcement

Sydney, New South Wales on board HMAT A35 Berrima 17 December 1915

14th Reinforcement

Sydney, New South Wales on board HMAT A70 Ballarat 16 February 1916

15th Reinforcement

Sydney, New South Wales on board HMAT A15 Star Of England 8 March 1916

16th Reinforcement

Sydney, New South Wales on board HMAT A71 Nestor 9 April 1916

17th Reinforcement

Sydney, New South Wales on board HMAT A10 Karroo 5 May 1916

See: Troop transport ships for information and photographs about the various ships employed in transporting the troops to Egypt.

 

Further Reading:

1st Australian Light Horse Brigade

1st Australian Light Horse Brigade, AIF, Roll of Honour 

Battles where Australians fought, 1899-1919

 


Citation: 1st Australian Light Horse Brigade, Outline

Posted by Project Leader at 12:01 AM EAST
Updated: Friday, 26 February 2010 4:57 PM EAST
10th Australian Light Horse Regiment, Contents
Topic: AIF - 3B - 10 LHR

10th LHR, AIF

10th Australian Light Horse Regiment

Contents

 

10th Light Horse Regiment Colour Patch

 

The 10th Light Horse Regiment was formed as part of the 3rd Australian Light Horse Brigade, 3rd Contingent and attached to the Australian Division. The 10th Light Horse Regiment was  made up by recruits entirely drawn from the 5th Military District [Western Australia].

 

Structure

The Australian Light Horse – Structural outline

Australian Light Horse Order of Battle

 

Corps

Desert Mounted Corps (DMC)

 

Division

Anzac Mounted Division

Australian Mounted Division

 

Brigade

3rd Australian Light Horse Brigade

 

Regiment

10th Australian Light Horse Regiment

 

Embarkations

10th Australian Light Horse Regiment, Embarkation: Headquarters

10th Australian Light Horse Regiment, Embarkation: Machine Gun Section

10th Australian Light Horse Regiment, Embarkation:  "A" Squadron

10th Australian Light Horse Regiment, Embarkation:  "B" Squadron

10th Australian Light Horse Regiment, Embarkation:  "C" Squadron

 

History

Brazier

Training by Lieutenant Colonel Noel Murray Brazier, 1914 

Unit

Formation of the 10th LHR, October 1914

 

Romani

10th LHR, AIF account about the Battle of Romani

10th ALHR, AIF, War Diary, account about the Battle of Romani

Bir el Abd

Bir el Abd, Sinai, 9 August 1916, 10th LHR, AIF, War Diary Account 

10th LHR, AIF, Unit History Account

Bir el Mazar

10th Light Horse Regiment Account 

10th LHR, AIF, Unit History Account 

Magdhaba

10th ALHR, AIF, War Diary, account

10th LHR, AIF account

 

Beersheba

10th LHR, AIF account about the fall of Beersheba

10th ALHR, AIF, War Diary, account about the fall of Beersheba

 

Routine Orders

One of the best sources of information available for understanding the immediate challenges facing a regiment is to be found in the Routine Orders. They are a wealth of detail. The Routine Orders provide an unvarnished history of the Regiment.

10th LHR Routine Order No 3, 1 November 1914

10th LHR Routine Order No 4, 2 November 1914

10th LHR Routine Order No 5, 3 November 1914

10th LHR Routine Order No 6, 4 November 1914

10th LHR Routine Order No 7, 5 November 1914

10th LHR Routine Order No 8, 6 November 1914

10th LHR Routine Order No 9, 7 November 1914

10th LHR Routine Order No 156, 19 June 1916

 

Brigade Scouts

10th LHR Brigade Scouts

 

Embarkation

Full Roll

Roll: A - C

Roll: D - F

Roll: G - J

Roll: K - L

Roll: M - Q

Roll: R - S

Roll: T - Z

 

Individual Rolls

Regimental Headquarters Section

"A" Squadron

"B" Squadron

"C" Squadron

Machine Gun Section

1st Reinforcements

2nd Reinforcements

3rd Reinforcements

4th Reinforcements

5th Reinforcements

6th Reinforcements

7th Reinforcements

8th Reinforcements

9th Reinforcements

10th Reinforcements

11th Reinforcements Themistocles Group

11th Reinforcements Benalla Group 

12th Reinforcements

13th Reinforcements

14th Reinforcements

15th Reinforcements

16th Reinforcements

17th Reinforcements

18th Reinforcements

19th Reinforcements

20th Reinforcements

21st Reinforcements

22nd Reinforcements

23rd Reinforcements

24th Reinforcements

25th Reinforcements

26th Reinforcements

27th Reinforcements

28th Reinforcements

29th Reinforcements

30th Reinforcements

31st Reinforcements

32nd Reinforcements

33rd Reinforcements

 

Roll of Honour

10th Australian Light Horse Regiment, Roll of Honour  

Lest We Forget

 

Further Reading:

10th Australian Light Horse Regiment, AIF

10th Australian Light Horse Regiment, Roll of Honour 

Battles where Australians fought, 1899-1920

 


Citation: 10th Australian Light Horse Regiment, Contents

Posted by Project Leader at 12:01 AM EAST
Updated: Thursday, 31 December 2009 8:44 AM EAST
9th Australian Light Horse Regiment, Contents
Topic: AIF - 3B - 9 LHR

9th LHR, AIF

9th Australian Light Horse Regiment

Contents

 

9th Light Horse Regiment Colour Patch

 

The 9th Light Horse Regiment was formed as part of the 3rd Australian Light Horse Brigade, 3rd Contingent and attached to the Australian Division. The 9th Light Horse Regiment was a composite regiment with two squadrons made up by recruits from the 4th Military District [South Australia and the Broken Hill region of New South Wales] while the last squadron, "C" Squadron was composed of men from the 3rd Military District [Victoria].

 

Structure

The Australian Light Horse – Structural outline

Australian Light Horse Order of Battle

 

Corps

Desert Mounted Corps (DMC)

 

Division

Anzac Mounted Division

Australian Mounted Division 

 

Brigade

3rd Australian Light Horse Brigade

 

Regiment

9th Australian Light Horse Regiment, AIF, History

 

Newspaper Stories

Return of the 9th LHR, AIF, Advertiser, 12 August 1919 

 

Battles

Hill 60, Gallipoli

9th LHR personnel at Hill 60, 27 August 1915

The Nek and Hill 60 - The massacre of the Australians

 Romani

9th LHR, AIF account about the Battle of Romani

9th ALHR, AIF, War Diary, account about the Battle of Romani

 

Bir el Abd

Bir el Abd, Sinai, 9 August 1916, 9th LHR, AIF, War Diary Account 

Bir el Abd, Sinai, 9 August 1916, 9th LHR, AIF, Unit History Account 

 

Bir el Mazar

Bir el Mazar, Sinai, 17 September 1916, 9th LHR, AIF, War Diary Account 

Bir el Mazar, Sinai, 17 September 1916, 9th LHR, AIF, Unit History Account

 

Bir el Magdhaba

The Battle of Magdhaba, Sinai, December 23, 1916, 9th LHR, AIF, War Diary Account

The Battle of Magdhaba, Sinai, December 23, 1916, 9th LHR, AIF, Unit History Account

The Battle of Magdhaba, Sinai, 23 December 1916, El Arish and El Magdhaba, 9th LHR, AIF, Commentary 

 

Beersheba

9th ALHR AIF account about the fall of Beersheba

9th ALHR, AIF, War Diary, account about the fall of Beersheba

 

El Burj

El Burj, Palestine, 1 December 1917, 9th Light Horse Regiment War Diary Account

El Burj, Palestine, 1 December 1917, Darley, 9th Light Horse Account 

 

Routine Orders

 

Embarkation

Full Roll

Roll: A - C

Roll: D - F

Roll: G - J

Roll: K - L

Roll: M - Q

Roll: R - S

Roll: T - Z

 

Individual Rolls

Regimental Headquarters Section

"A" Squadron

"B" Squadron

"C" Squadron

Machine Gun Section

1st Reinforcement

2nd Reinforcement

3rd Reinforcement Mashobra Group

3rd Reinforcement Pera Group

4th Reinforcement Port Lincoln Group

4th Reinforcement Wiltshire Group

5th Reinforcement Kabinga Group

5th Reinforcement Botanist Group

6th Reinforcement Afric Group Melbourne

6th Reinforcement Afric Group Adelaide

7th Reinforcement Kanowna Group

7th Reinforcement Marere Group

8th Reinforcement Kyarra Group

8th Reinforcement Morea Group

9th Reinforcement Star Of England Group

9th Reinforcement Hororata Group

10th Reinforcement Ballarat Group Melbourne

10th Reinforcement Ballarat Group Adelaide

11th Reinforcement Hawkes Bay Group

11th Reinforcement Ulysses Group

11th Reinforcement Benalla Group

12th Reinforcement Geelong Group

12th Reinforcement Ceramic Group

13th Reinforcement Afric Group

13th Reinforcement Borda Group

14th Reinforcement

15th Reinforcement

16th Reinforcement

17th Reinforcement

18th Reinforcement

19th Reinforcement

20th Reinforcement

21st Reinforcement

22nd Reinforcement

23rd Reinforcement

24th Reinforcement

25th Reinforcement

26th Reinforcement Morea Group Adelaide

26th Reinforcement Morea Group Perth

27th Reinforcement

28th Reinforcement Port Lincoln Group

28th Reinforcement Kyarra Group

28th Reinforcement Commonwealth Group

29th Reinforcement Kyarra Group

29th Reinforcement Commonwealth Group

30th Reinforcement

31st Reinforcement

32nd Reinforcement

33rd Reinforcement

34th Reinforcement

 

Personnel

Military biographies of men who served with the 9th Light Horse Regiment.

The peculiar case of Arthur Carrington Smedley

3 Sergeant Albert John Kilsby

Merrill, Betteridge and Paxton

3052 Trooper Arthur Arnold Herde

345 Sergeant Linton Hall Swann

3051 Trooper George Hodby

3050 Trooper Hubert Mead Gowling

3049 Trooper Stanley Alexander Ferguson

3048 Trooper Montague Eli Frederick Forth

3047 Trooper Richard Percy Dunstan

9th LHR, AIF, Thomas Joseph Canny 

 

Roll of Honour

9th Australian Light Horse Regiment, Roll of Honour 

Lest we forget

 

War Diary Day by Day Account

9th Australian Light Horse Regiment, War Diary, Day by Day Account

 

Bert Schramm’s Diary

Bert Schramm Diary

 

Unit History

Darley, TH, With the Ninth Light Horse in the Great War, Adelaide, Hassell Press, 1924. 


Further Reading:

9th Light Horse Regiment, AIF

9th Australian Light Horse Regiment, Roll of Honour 

Battles where Australians fought, 1899-1920

 


Citation: 9th Australian Light Horse Regiment, Contents

Posted by Project Leader at 12:01 AM EAST
Updated: Wednesday, 24 February 2010 10:03 PM EAST
Monday, 9 November 2009
10th Australian Light Horse Regiment, AIF, Outline
Topic: AIF - 3B - 10 LHR

10th LHR, AIF

10th Australian Light Horse Regiment

Outline

 

10th Light Horsemen undertaking mounted drill, Guildford, Western Australia, December 1914.

[From: The Western Mail, 4 December 1914, p. 23.]

 

Formation

The 10th Light Horse Regiment was formed as part of the 3rd Australian Light Horse Brigade, 3rd Contingent and attached to the Australian Division. The 10th Light Horse Regiment went through two distinct phases during its formation.

 

"C" Squadron, 7th Light Horse Regiment

Initially, it was envisaged that the unit would be designated as "C" Squadron, 7th Light Horse Regiment as part of the 2nd Australian Light Horse Brigade. The 7th Light Horse Regiment was to be a composite regiment based and trained in Queensland with "A" Squadron and Headquarters recruited in Queensland, "B" Squadron from South Australia with Western Australia providing the "C" Squadron. However, recruitment produced an overflow of men in all states. The result was the cancellation of the original structure of the 7th Light Horse Regiment and this regimental designation now applied to a unit raised in New South Wales.  

 

3rd Australian Light Horse Brigade

With the creation of the 3rd Australian Light Horse Brigade, "C" Squadron, 7th Light Horse Regiment was renamed "A" Squadron, 10th Light Horse Regiment. The 10th Light Horse Regiment was  made up by recruits entirely drawn from the 5th Military District [Western Australia]. The 10th Light Horse Regiment was established at Guildford Training Camp to the east of Perth, Western Australia, and later at Rockingham Training Camp to the south of Perth. 

 

Training 


10th Light Horse Regiment Squadron Routine Order No's 1-9, October 1914

[Click on page for larger version.]

 

Training for the 10th Light Horse Regiment occurred originally at at Guildford Training Camp to the east of Perth, Western Australia, and later at Rockingham Training Camp to the south of Perth. Reinforcement training occurred at Blackboy Hill Training Depot.

 

Embarkation

Embarkation of the 10th Light Horse Regiment was accomplished in two groups using both the HMAT A47 Mashobra and HMAT A52 Surada from Fremantle, Western Australia.

 

 HMAT A47 Mashobra

[See: His Majesty's Australian Transports [HMAT] Ships, A47.

 

The 10th Light Horse Regiment Headquarters, Machine Gun Section, "A" and "B" Squadrons embarked on the HMAT A47 Mashobra from Fremantle, Western Australia, 8 February 1915.

 

HMAT A52 Surada

[See: His Majesty's Australian Transports [HMAT] Ships, A52.]

 

10th Light Horse Regiment "C" Squadron embarked on the HMAT A52 Surada from Fremantle, Western Australia, 17 February 1915.

The 10th Light Horse Regiment sailed to Egypt and disembarked on 8 March 1915.

 

Colour Patch

Initially, the only colour separation of the various Australian mounted troops was by use of the pennant. The marker pennants were carried on poles to mark lines troop lines in camps in Egypt. They were not lance pennants as the Australian lancers had red over white pennants on their lances.

 

Pennant of the 10th Light Horse Regiment

 

While this pennant was useful in distinguishing horse and troop lines, it failed to identify the individual with a unit. The AIF 1st Australian Division Standing Orders issued in December 1914 ordered the Australian Light Horse Regiments to wear a 4 inch wide [10.2cm] blue armband with the regiment name marked on the band in black lettering.

The earlier systems proved to be ineffective so to assist with identification of the men in the various units within the AIF, Divisional Order No 81 (A) Administration was issued at Mena on 8 March 1915 detailing the Colour Patch for the 10th Light Horse Regiment as others received their colours. The colour patch was made of cloth 1¼ inches wide and 2¾ inches long and worn on the sleeve one inch below the shoulder seam. The colour patch for the 10th Light Horse Regiment was black over yellow.

 

10th Light Horse Regiment Colour Patch

 

The 10th Light Horse Regiment carried the yellow Brigade colour as the lower triangle part of the colour patch, while the black unit colour was on the top. This is illustrated with the above presentation.

 

Gallipoli

As mounted troops, the Light Horse was considered to be unsuitable for work in Gallipoli. The mounted troops volunteered to operate as infantry and thus were sent to Gallipoli with the 10th Light Horse Regiment landing on 20 May 1915. The Regiment was deployed on primarily defensive activities at Russel's Top and Rhododendron Spur throughout the stay at Gallipoli. The 10th Light Horse Regiment participated in the ill fated charge at the Nek on 7 August 1915 where most of the Regiment was either killed or wounded. The 10th Light Horse Regiment participated in the attack at Hill 60 on 27 August 1915. The 10th Light Horse Regiment left the peninsula on 20 December 1915.

 

Defence of Egypt

After the return to Egypt, the 10th Light Horse Regiment reformed and re-equipped. The reorganisation of the Light Horse led to the formation of the ANZAC Mounted Division to which the 10th Light Horse Regiment became a foundation member.

On 28 February 1916, the 10th Light Horse Regiment moved to join its parent brigade, the 3rd Australian Light Horse Brigade, which was taking part in the defence of the Suez Canal. The work was hot and monotonous. They remained here until moved to the Romani region to bolster the defence of that area.

 

Sinai

The 3rd Australian Light Horse Brigade played an important role in beating back the Turkish invasion of the Suez Canal zone at Romani. Now known as the Battle of Romani which lasted from 4-6 August which was quickly followed by the Battle of Katia and then Bir el Abd on 9 August. All the actions in which the 10th Light Horse Regiment finally led to the defeat of the Ottoman Canal Expeditionary force and its retreat to Bir el Mazar.


Over the next few months, the 10th Light Horse Regiment took part in the Allied advance over the Sinai leading to the fall of Bir el Mazar, then El Arish followed by Bir el Magdhaba and finally Rafa in January 1917. The Ottoman forces were expelled from the Sinai and were poised to be tackled in Palestine.

 

Palestine

On 27 March 1917, the 10th Light Horse Regiment took part in the First Battle of Gaza. While involved in the encirclement of the city as a prelude to its capture, the 10th Light Horse Regiment received the order to withdraw and return to the starting line. Grudgingly they did so but realised the Turks had snatched victory out of the jaws of defeat.

The 10th Light Horse Regiment  took part in the Second Battle of Gaza on 19 April 1917 and suffered the heaviest casualties since Gallipoli.

The 10th Light Horse Regiment took part in the Battle of Beersheba and then the follow up actions that lasted until early January 1918.

From this time onwards, for the next two months, the 10th Light Horse Regiment remained in continuous combat action until relieved for three months refit and training at Deir el Belah from early January 1918.

In early April 1918, the 10th Light Horse Regiment moved into the Jordan Valley and took part in the invasion of Moab and took Es Salt during the action of 30 April – 4 May 1918. Unfortunately, due to a Turkish attack on the lines of communication, this raid nearly turned into a disaster where the Turkish forces almost cut off the Australian Mounted Division in the hills.


Megiddo

In a move that converted the Light Horse into full cavalry, the Australian Mounted Division was issued with swords during August and early September 1917. The Australian Mounted Division went to work training with swords and undertaking cavalry work.

On 19 September 1918 the Battle of Megiddo began. The infantry over ran the Turkish defensive trenches allowing the cavalry to debouch into the Turkish hinterland. The 10th Light Horse Regiment participated in the breakthrough which moved rapidly through the north of Palestine. At the end of the first week, it was obvious that the way to Damascus was open and so a second push occurred on the heels of the first assault. On 1 October 1918, Damascus was taken. As part of the 3rd Light Horse Brigade, they marched through the city after its surrender by the Sarai.

After a rest in Damascus, the 10th Light Horse Regiment moved towards Homs when the Turks surrendered on 30 October 1918.

 

Return to Australia

After the conclusion of hostilities, the 10th Light Horse Regiment was marked to return to Australia. Prior to that action, one of the saddest actions occurred for the Australian Lighthorsemen, they had to farewell their best friends, the horses. All the Light Horse unit horses' health was ascertained with the fit horses being transferred to the Indian Cavalry while those in poor condition were destroyed by the Veterinary units.

On 13 March 1919 the 10th Light Horse Regiment was deployed  to assist in suppressing the Egyptian Uprising. When the revolt collapsed, the 10th Light Horse Regiment embarked on the 10 July 1919 for the long voyage to Australia where the unit was disbanded. 


Commanding Officers

Lieutenant Colonel Noel Murray Brazier
Lieutenant Colonel John Burns Scott
Lieutenant Colonel Percy Phipps Abbott
Lieutenant Colonel Clive Lanyon Nicholas
Lieutenant Colonel Thomas John Todd
Lieutenant Colonel Samuel Edward Grimwood
Lieutenant Colonel Arthur Charles Niquet Olden
 

Decorations earned by the 10th Light Horse Regiment

  • 1 VC - Victoria Cross
  • 1 CMG - Companion in The Most Distinguished Order of St. Michael and St. George
  • 3 DSO & 1 Bar - Distinguished Service Orders
  • 1 MBE - Member of the British Empire
  • 9 MC & 1 Bar - Military Crosses
  • 15 DCM & 1 Bar - Distinguished Conduct Medals
  • 15 MM- Military Medals
  • 3 MSM - Meritorious Service Medal
  • 48 MID - Mentioned in Despatches
  • 2 foreign awards 

 

Campaigns

Gallipoli

  • Defence at Anzac
  • Suvla
  • Sari Bair
  • Gallipoli 1915-1916

Egypt

  • Defence of Egypt

Sinai

  • Romani
  • Magdhaba
  • Rafa 

Palestine

  • First Battle of Gaza
  • Second Battle of Gaza
  • Third Battle of Gaza
  • Beersheba
  • El Mughar
  • Nebi Samwill
  • Jerusalem
  • Jericho
  • Es Salt
  • Megiddo
  • Sharon
  • Palestine 1917-1918

 

Casualties suffered by the 10th Light Horse Regiment

  • 237 killed
  • 479 wounded


War Diary

The Australian War Memorial has put these on line and may be accessed here:

10th Light Horse Regiment War Diaries.

 

Embarkations:

The following list details all the embarkations in support of the 10th Light Horse Regiment, AIF, during the Great War. Each entry details to formation and the ships on which the units embarked with the date and place of embarkation. The detail of the formation is linked to a list of men who embarked upon that ship on the specific date.

Regimental Headquarters Section

Fremantle, Western Australia on board HMAT A47 Mashobra 17 February 1915

"A" Squadron

Fremantle, Western Australia on board HMAT A47 Mashobra 8 February 1915

"B" Squadron

Fremantle, Western Australia on board HMAT A47 Mashobra 8 February 1915

"C" Squadron

Fremantle, Western Australia on board HMAT A52 Surada 17 February 1915

Machine Gun Section

Fremantle, Western Australia on board HMAT A47 Mashobra 8 February 1915

1st Reinforcements

Fremantle, Western Australia on board HMAT A52 Surada 17 February 1915

2nd Reinforcements

Fremantle, Western Australia on board HMAT A50 Itonus 19 February 1915

3rd Reinforcements

Fremantle, Western Australia on board HMAT A50 Itonus 19 February 1915

4th Reinforcements

Fremantle, Western Australia on board HMAT A8 Argyllshire 19 April 1915

5th Reinforcements

Fremantle, Western Australia on board HMAT A20 Hororata 26 April 1915

6th Reinforcements

Fremantle, Western Australia on board HMAT A63 Karoola 25 June 1915

7th Reinforcements

Fremantle, Western Australia on board HMAT A61 Kanowna 30 June 1915

8th Reinforcements

Fremantle, Western Australia on board HMAT A68 Anchises 2 September 1915

9th Reinforcements

Fremantle, Western Australia on board HMAT A20 Hororata 1 October 1915

10th Reinforcements

Fremantle, Western Australia on board HMAT A32 Themistocles 13 October 1915

11th Reinforcements Themistocles Group

11th Reinforcements Benalla Group

Fremantle, Western Australia on board HMAT A32 Themistocles 13 October 1915

Fremantle, Western Australia on board HMAT A24 Benalla 1 November 1915

12th Reinforcements

Fremantle, Western Australia on board RMS Mongolia 22 November 1915

13th Reinforcements

Fremantle, Western Australia on board HMAT A30 Borda 17 January 1916

14th Reinforcements

Fremantle, Western Australia on board HMAT A69 Warilda 16 February 1916

15th Reinforcements

Fremantle, Western Australia on board HMAT A38 Ulysses 1 April 1916

16th Reinforcements

Fremantle, Western Australia on board HMAT A52 Surada 16 May 1916

17th Reinforcements

Fremantle, Western Australia on board HMAT A52 Surada 16 May 1916

18th Reinforcements

Fremantle, Western Australia on board RMS Morea 6 June 1916

19th Reinforcements

Fremantle, Western Australia on board RMS Mongolia 17 July 1916

20th Reinforcements

Fremantle, Western Australia on board RMS Malwa 31 July 1916

21st Reinforcements

Fremantle, Western Australia on board RMS Mooltan 28 August 1916

22nd Reinforcements

Adelaide, South Australia on board HMAT A41 Bakara 4 November 1916

23rd Reinforcements

Fremantle, Western Australia on board HMAT A45 Bulla 22 January 1917

24th Reinforcements

Fremantle, Western Australia on board HMAT A6 Clan Maccorquodale 13 February 1917

25th Reinforcements

Fremantle, Western Australia on board RMS Karmala 12 February 1917

26th Reinforcements

Fremantle, Western Australia on board RMS Morea 26 February 1917

27th Reinforcements

Fremantle, Western Australia on board HMAT A15 Port Sydney 22 May 1917

28th Reinforcements

Fremantle, Western Australia on board HMAT A15 Port Sydney 22 May 1917

29th Reinforcements

Fremantle, Western Australia on board HMAT A17 Port Lincoln 30 June 1917

30th Reinforcements

Fremantle, Western Australia on board HMAT A55 Kyarra 17 September 1917

31st Reinforcements

Fremantle, Western Australia on board HMAT A73 Commonwealth 9 November 1917

32nd Reinforcements

Fremantle, Western Australia on board HMAT A73 Commonwealth 9 November 1917

33rd Reinforcements

Fremantle, Western Australia on board SS Ormonde 13 March 1918

See: Troop transport ships for information and photographs about the various ships employed in transporting the troops to Egypt.

 

Further Reading:

10th Australian Light Horse Regiment, AIF

10th Australian Light Horse Regiment, Roll of Honour

Battles where Australians fought, 1899-1920

 


Citation: 10th Australian Light Horse Regiment, AIF, Outline

Posted by Project Leader at 12:01 AM EAST
Updated: Sunday, 31 October 2010 3:56 PM EADT
The Battle of Magdhaba, Sinai, December 23, 1916, Outline
Topic: BatzS - Magdhaba

The Battle of Magdhaba

Sinai, 23 December 1916

Outline

 

Magdhaba, 1916.

 

Magdhaba, was fought on 23 December 1916 in the northern Sinai Desert, 35 kilometres south-east of the Mediterranean coastal town of El Arish and about 30 kilometres west of the border with Palestine. Following their defeat at Romani (q.v.) Turkish forces were thrown onto the defensive and retreated to Bir el Abd and subsequently Mazar, in each case abandoning their positions once attacked by British mounted troops - principally Australians and New Zealanders of the Anzac Mounted Division led by Major-General Harry Chauvel. After El Arish was vacated by the enemy and duly occupied by British forces on 21 December, the way into Palestine was barred by two principal Turkish blocking forces: at Magdhaba and Rafa.

The position of Magdhaba at dusk.

[Extracted from Gullett, Chapter XIV – Magdhaba]

 
On the night of 22 December Chauvel was ordered to move against the inland base at Magdhaba. Available to him was his mounted division, less one brigade but with the newly formed Imperial Camel Corps (and attached battery of mountain guns) taking its place. Marching in the early hours of 23 December, by daybreak Chauvel's troops had closed on the enemy-held village. As soon as the Turks' dispositions were clearly established by low-flying aircraft from No. I Squadron, Australian Flying Corps, Chauvel gave his orders. The Imperial Camel Corps was sent from the north-west directly at the nearest redoubt lying east of the Wadi el Arish, while the other brigades detoured around the northern flank, where the firm ground best suited horses, to attack from the north and north-east; one regiment was sent on a wide circling movement to the east then south to cross the wadi and take up position in rear of the enemy position.

A hard fight followed in which the attackers made slow progress crossing open ground under heavy fire. Soon after 1 p.m., upon learning that sources of water apart from the wells at Magdhaba were denied to him, Chauvel decided to call off the attack. The recall reached the commander of the 1st Australian Light Horse Brigade, Brigadier-General Charles Cox, just as his troops were preparing to assault the main enemy redoubt with the bayonet. He temporarily misplaced the message until the attack was underway, and his men's success a few minutes later showed Chauvel that victory was actually at hand.

By 4.30 p.m. the Turkish garrison surrendered; few escaped. The number of enemy killed has been put at about 300 - certainly nearly 100 were collected on the field for burial and just short of 1,300 were captured. The 10th Australian Light Horse Regiment, providing the blocking force south of the wadi, alone accounted for 722 of the prisoners. Chauvel's losses were trifling: only 146 casualties, of whom 22 were killed. After setting fire to the village and leaving two regiments to clear the battlefield of dead and wounded, the remainder of the column returned to El Arish.
 

Preparing the dead for burial, Australians and Ottoman soldiers lay together in peace.

 

Extracted from the book produced by Chris Coulthard-Clark, Where Australians Fought - The Encyclopaedia of Australia's Battles, Allen and Unwin, Sydney, 1998, p. 122.



Additional References cited by Chris Coulthard-Clark:

H.S. Gullett, (1944), The Australian Imperial Force in Sinai and Palestine, Sydney: Angus & Robertson.

A.J. Hill, (1978), Chauvel of the Light Horse, Carlton, Vic.: Melbourne University Press.

 

Further Reading:

The Battle of Magdhaba

Battles where Australians fought, 1899-1920

 


Citation: The Battle of Magdhaba, Sinai, December 23, 1916, Outline

Posted by Project Leader at 12:01 AM EAST
Updated: Wednesday, 11 November 2009 5:51 PM EAST

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